REFERENCES
1. Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science. 2020;367:eaau6977.
2. van Niel G, D’Angelo G, Raposo G. Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018;19:213-28.
3. Braicu C, Tomuleasa C, Monroig P, Cucuianu A, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA. Exosomes as divine messengers: are they the Hermes of modern molecular oncology? Cell Death Differ. 2015;22:34-45.
4. Boriachek K, Islam MN, Möller A, et al. Biological functions and current advances in isolation and detection strategies for exosome nanovesicles. Small. 2018;14:1702153.
5. Kurywchak P, Tavormina J, Kalluri R. The emerging roles of exosomes in the modulation of immune responses in cancer. Genome Med. 2018;10:23.
6. Zamani P, Fereydouni N, Butler AE, Navashenaq JG, Sahebkar A. The therapeutic and diagnostic role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2019;29:313-23.
7. Rajagopal C, Harikumar KB. The origin and functions of exosomes in cancer. Front Oncol. 2018;8:66.
8. Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirzaei S, et al. Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15:83.
9. Boukouris S, Mathivanan S. Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2015;9:358-67.
10. Jeck WR, Sharpless NE. Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32:453-61.
11. Sanger HL, Klotz G, Riesner D, Gross HJ, Kleinschmidt AK. Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976;73:3852-6.
12. Hansen TB, Jensen TI, Clausen BH, et al. Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature. 2013;495:384-8.
13. Meng S, Zhou H, Feng Z, et al. CircRNA: functions and properties of a novel potential biomarker for cancer. Mol Cancer. 2017;16:94.
14. Huang XY, Huang ZL, Huang J, et al. Exosomal circRNA-100338 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via enhancing invasiveness and angiogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2020;39:20.
15. Wang J, Zhao X, Wang Y, et al. circRNA-002178 act as a ceRNA to promote PDL1/PD1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11:32.
16. Huang X, Song C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Tang H. Circular RNAs in breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Oncol Res. 2023;32:241-9.
17. Altesha MA, Ni T, Khan A, Liu K, Zheng X. Circular RNA in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:5588-600.
18. Xu YX, Pu SD, Li X, et al. Exosomal ncRNAs: novel therapeutic target and biomarker for diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res. 2022;178:106135.
19. Wang J, Yan S, Yang J, Lu H, Xu D, Wang Z. Non-coding RNAs in rheumatoid arthritis: from bench to bedside. Front Immunol. 2019;10:3129.
20. Kristensen LS, Andersen MS, Stagsted LVW, Ebbesen KK, Hansen TB, Kjems J. The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20:675-91.
21. Wang Y, Liu J, Ma J, et al. Exosomal circRNAs: biogenesis, effect and application in human diseases. Mol Cancer. 2019;18:116.
22. Zhang F, Jiang J, Qian H, Yan Y, Xu W. Exosomal circRNA: emerging insights into cancer progression and clinical application potential. J Hematol Oncol. 2023;16:67.
23. Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Dain L, Mei L, Zhu G. Circular RNA: an emerging frontier in RNA therapeutic targets, RNA therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines. J Control Release. 2022;348:84-94.
26. Yi Y, Wu M, Zeng H, et al. Tumor-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs: the emerging mechanisms and potential clinical applications in breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11:738945.
27. Zhang L, Zheng H, Jiang ST, et al. Worldwide research trends on tumor burden and immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis. Int J Surg. 2024;110:1699-710.
28. Shen Z, Wu H, Chen Z, et al. The global research of artificial intelligence on prostate cancer: a 22-year bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:843735.
29. Gong K, Chen Y, Liu W, Wang Z. Global research trends of Apolipoprotein E in central nervous system: a scientometric analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;98:107919.
30. Zhu X, Liu K, Tang X, Chen G. A bibliometric analysis of non-coding RNA studies in acute pancreatitis. Medicine. 2024;103:e37486.
31. Mongeon P, Paul-hus A. The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: a comparative analysis. Scientometrics. 2016;106:213-28.
32. AlRyalat SAS, Malkawi LW, Momani SM. Comparing bibliometric analysis using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science databases. J Vis Exp. 2019;152:e58494.
33. Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2010;84:523-38.
34. Chen C. Searching for intellectual turning points: progressive knowledge domain visualization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:5303-10.
35. Wang S, Zhou H, Zheng L, et al. Global trends in research of macrophages associated with acute lung injury over past 10 years: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:669539.
36. Pons P, Latapy M. Computing communities in large networks using random walks. In: Yolum p, Güngör T, Gürgen F, Özturan C, Editors. Computer and Information Sciences - ISCIS 2005. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 2005. pp. 284-93.
37. Roldan-Valadez E, Salazar-Ruiz SY, Ibarra-Contreras R, Rios C. Current concepts on bibliometrics: a brief review about impact factor, Eigenfactor score, CiteScore, SCImago Journal Rank, Source-Normalised Impact per Paper, H-index, and alternative metrics. Ir J Med Sci. 2019;188:939-51.
39. Bertoli-Barsotti L, Lando T. A theoretical model of the relationship between the h-index and other simple citation indicators. Scientometrics. 2017;111:1415-48.
40. Chen C. CiteSpace II: detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 2006;57:359-77.
41. Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, et al. Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res. 2015;25:981-4.
42. Li S, Li Y, Chen B, et al. exoRBase: a database of circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA in human blood exosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46:D106-12.
43. Bo X, Li Q, Chen S, et al. Evidence and perspectives on miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a bibliometric study. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;20:66.
44. Wang Y, Li C, Zhao R, et al. CircUbe3a from M2 macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles mediates myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction. Theranostics. 2021;11:6315-33.
45. Fan L, Yao L, Li Z, et al. Exosome-based mitochondrial delivery of circRNA mSCAR alleviates sepsis by orchestrating macrophage activation. Adv Sci. 2023;10:e2205692.
46. Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, et al. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 2013;495:333-8.
47. McAndrews KM, Mahadevan KK, Kalluri R. Mouse models to evaluate the functional role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and therapy responses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2024;14:a041411.
49. Zhang SJ, Chen X, Li CP, et al. Identification and characterization of circular RNAs as a new class of putative biomarkers in diabetes retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:6500-9.
50. Bahn JH, Zhang Q, Li F, et al. The landscape of microRNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, and circular RNA in human saliva. Clin Chem. 2015;61:221-30.
51. Hou JC, Xu Z, Zhong SL, et al. Circular RNA circASS1 is downregulated in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and suppressed invasion and migration. Epigenomics. 2019;11:199-213.
52. Lyu ZZ, Li M, Yang MY, Han MH, Yang Z. Exosome-mediated transfer of circRNA563 promoting hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the microRNA148a-3p/metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 pathway. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29:6060-75.
53. Tao X, Shao Y, Lu R, et al. Clinical significance of hsa_circ_0000419 in gastric cancer screening and prognosis estimation. Pathol Res Pract. 2020;216:152763.
54. Pan Z, Zheng J, Zhang J, et al. A novel protein encoded by exosomal circATG4B induces oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer by promoting autophagy. Adv Sci. 2022;9:e2204513.
55. Tiwari A, Trivedi R, Lin SY. Tumor microenvironment: barrier or opportunity towards effective cancer therapy. J Biomed Sci. 2022;29:83.
56. Wang D, Yang S, Lyu M, Xu L, Zhong S, Yu D. Circular RNA HSDL2 promotes breast cancer progression via miR-7978 ZNF704 axis and regulating hippo signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res. 2024;26:105.
57. Chen J, Wang H, Xu J, et al. CircZFR promotes colorectal cancer progression via stabilizing BCLAF1 and regulating the miR-3127-5p/RTKN2 axis. Sci China Life Sci. 2024;67:1881-98.
58. Dilsiz N. A comprehensive review on recent advances in exosome isolation and characterization: toward clinical applications. Transl Oncol. 2024;50:102121.
59. Guo X, Gao C, Yang DH, Li S. Exosomal circular RNAs: a chief culprit in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2023;67:100937.
60. Zhang X, Wang S, Wang H, et al. Circular RNA circNRIP1 acts as a microRNA-149-5p sponge to promote gastric cancer progression via the AKT1/mTOR pathway. Mol Cancer. 2019;18:20.
61. de Visser KE, Joyce JA. The evolving tumor microenvironment: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth. Cancer Cell. 2023;41:374-403.
62. Han QF, Li WJ, Hu KS, et al. Exosome biogenesis: machinery, regulation, and therapeutic implications in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2022;21:207.
63. Cunha E Rocha K, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Exosome-mediated impact on systemic metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol. 2024;86:225-53.
64. Li J, Zhang G, Liu CG, et al. The potential role of exosomal circRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: insights into cancer diagnosis and therapy. Theranostics. 2022;12:87-104.
65. Yunna C, Mengru H, Lei W, Weidong C. Macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;877:173090.
66. Boutilier AJ, Elsawa SF. Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:6995.
67. Hu X, Chen J, Wang L, Ivashkiv LB. Crosstalk among Jak-STAT, Toll-like receptor, and ITAM-dependent pathways in macrophage activation. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;82:237-43.
68. Huang X, Wang J, Guan J, et al. Exosomal circsafb2 reshaping tumor environment to promote renal cell carcinoma progression by mediating M2 macrophage polarization. Front Oncol. 2022;12:808888.
69. Du A, Yang Q, Sun X, Zhao Q. Exosomal circRNA-001264 promotes AML immunosuppression through induction of M2-like macrophages and PD-L1 overexpression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;124:110868.
70. Gu X, Shi Y, Dong M, Jiang L, Yang J, Liu Z. Exosomal transfer of tumor-associated macrophage-derived hsa_circ_0001610 reduces radiosensitivity in endometrial cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12:818.
71. Zhuang M, Zhang X, Ji J, et al. Exosomal circ-0100519 promotes breast cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarisation by USP7/NRF2 axis. Clin Transl Med. 2024;14:e1763.
72. Song J, Xu X, He S, et al. Exosomal hsa_circ_0017252 attenuates the development of gastric cancer via inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization. Hum Cell. 2022;35:1499-511.
73. Bryja A, Zadka Ł, Farzaneh M, et al. Small extracellular vesicles - a host for advanced bioengineering and “Trojan Horse” of non-coding RNAs. Life Sci. 2023;332:122126.
74. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999;284:143-7.
75. Li QY, Gong T, Huang YK, et al. Role of noncoding RNAs in liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29:1446-59.
76. Wang C, Zhou H, Wu R, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and non-coding RNAs: regulatory and therapeutic role in liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;157:114040.
77. Shi Y, Du L, Lin L, Wang Y. Tumour-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017;16:35-52.
78. Nicodemou A, Bernátová S, Čeháková M, Danišovič Ľ. Emerging roles of mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15:1453.
79. Liu J, Ren L, Li S, et al. The biology, function, and applications of exosomes in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021;11:2783-97.
80. Ba L, Xue C, Li X, et al. Gastric cancer cell-derived exosomes can regulate the biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells by inducing the expression of circular RNA circ_0004303. Stem Cells Dev. 2021;30:830-42.
81. Li W, Yang J, Zheng P, Li H, Zhao S. The origins and generation of cancer-associated mesenchymal stromal cells: an innovative therapeutic target for solid tumors. Front Oncol. 2021;11:723707.
82. Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, et al. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer. 2021;20:131.
83. Jiang Q, Lei Z, Wang Z, et al. Tumor-associated fibroblast-derived exosomal circDennd1b promotes pituitary adenoma progression by modulating the miR-145-5p/ONECUT2 axis and activating the MAPK pathway. Cancers. 2023;15:3375.
84. Shi H, Huang S, Qin M, et al. Exosomal circ_0088300 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts acts as a miR-1305 sponge and promotes gastric carcinoma cell tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:676319.
85. Chen Y, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Clinical and therapeutic relevance of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18:792-804.
86. Zhou Y, Tang W, Zhuo H, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes promote chemoresistance to cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma through circZFR targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3)/ nuclear factor -kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Bioengineered. 2022;13:4786-97.
87. Du J, Meng X, Yang M, et al. NGR-modified CAF-derived exos targeting tumor vasculature to induce ferroptosis and overcome chemoresistance in osteosarcoma. Adv Sci. 2025;12:e2410918.
88. Biffi G, Oni TE, Spielman B, et al. IL1-induced JAK/STAT signaling is antagonized by TGFβ to shape CAF heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2019;9:282-301.
89. Payervand N, Pakravan K, Razmara E, et al. Exosomal circ_0084043 derived from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes in vitro endothelial cell angiogenesis by regulating the miR-140-3p/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis. Heliyon. 2024;10:e31584.
90. Zhu W, Zhang H, Tang L, et al. Identification of a plasma exosomal lncRNA- and circRNA-based ceRNA regulatory network in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Respir J. 2024;18:e70026.
91. Wang X, Dong Y, Wu Z, Wang G, Shi Y, Zheng Y. Machine learning-based comparative analysis of pan-cancer and pan-normal tissues identifies pan-cancer tissue-enriched circRNAs related to cancer mutations as potential exosomal biomarkers. Front Oncol. 2021;11:703461.
92. Ma C, Yang C, Peng A, et al. Pan-cancer spatially resolved single-cell analysis reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer. 2023;22:170.
93. Pei Y, Guo Y, Wang W, et al. Extracellular vesicles as a new frontier of diagnostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma diseases: a bibliometric and visualized study. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1359807.
94. Zhou Z, Chen C, Han B, et al. Circular RNA in cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Pathol Res Pract. 2023;249:154755.
