fig4

Figure 4. Cytoplasmic contribution to DCV formation (II). SNARE and t-SNAREs 1A/1B (Vti1a/1b) are involved in the formation of DCV. Vti1a also plays a role in DCV generation and Ca²⁺ channel trafficking. CAPS1 regulates the exocytosis of DCVs. Arf4/Arf5 is involved in CAPS1-mediated DCV formation. Snx19 is required for the formation of DCVs. Rab2, along with ICA69 and TBC-8, are involved in the early DCV formation. PICK1 is involved in the ICA69-mediated DCV formation from endosomal origin. Proteins (blue); SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; CAPS1: Ca²⁺-dependent activator protein for secretion 1; Arf4: ADP-ribosylation factor 4; Snx19: sorting nexin 19; ICA69: islet cell autoantigen of 69 kD; TBC-8: Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 protein 8; PICK1: protein interacting with C-kinase 1.