REFERENCES

1. Doyle LM, Wang MZ. Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis. Cells 2019;8:727.

2. Siravegna G, Marsoni S, Siena S, Bardelli A. Integrating Liquid Biopsies into the Management of Cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017;14:531-48.

3. Ashley EA. Towards Precision Medicine. Nat Rev Genet 2016;17:507-22.

4. Hamburg MA, Collins FS. The path to personalized medicine. N Engl J Med 2010;363:301-4.

5. Siravegna G, Mussolin B, Venesio T, et al. How liquid biopsies can change clinical practice in oncology. Ann Oncol 2019;30:1580-90.

6. Bettegowda C, Sausen M, Leary RJ, et al. Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies. Sci Transl Med 2014;6:224ra24.

7. Cheng F, Su L, Qian C. Circulating tumor DNA: a promising biomarker in the liquid biopsy of cancer. Oncotarget 2016;7:48832-41.

8. Roy S, Hochberg FH, Jones PS. Extracellular vesicles: the growth as diagnostics and therapeutics; a Survey. J Extracell Vesicles 2018;7:1438720.

9. Yáñez-Mó M, Siljander PR, Andreu Z, et al. Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. J Extracell Vesicles 2015;4:27066.

10. Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, et al. Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res 2015;25:981-4.

11. Keller S, Ridinger J, Rupp AK, Janssen JW, Altevogt P. Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics. J Transl Med 2011;9:86.

12. Krebs MG, Metcalf RL, Carter L, et al. Molecular analysis of circulating tumour cells - biology and biomarkers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014;11:129-44.

13. Diaz LA Jr, Bardelli A. Liquid biopsies: genotyping circulating tumor DNA. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:579-86.

14. Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, et al. Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:781-91.

15. de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB, et al. Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6302-9.

16. Danila DC, Heller G, Gignac GA, et al. Circulating tumor cell number and prognosis in progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:7053-8.

17. Heller G, McCormack R, Kheoh T, et al. Circulating Tumor Cell Number as a Response Measure of Prolonged Survival for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Comparison with Prostate-Specific Antigen across Five Randomized Phase III Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:572-80.

18. Goldkorn A, Ely B, Quinn DI, et al. Circulating tumor cell counts are prognostic of overall survival in SWOG S0421: a phase III trial of docetaxel with or without atrasentan for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:1136-42.

19. Scher HI, Heller G, Molina A, et al. Circulating tumor cell biomarker panel as an individual-level surrogate for survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:1348-55.

20. Allard WJ, Matera J, Miller MC, et al. Tumor cells circulate in the peripheral blood of all major carcinomas but not in healthy subjects or patients with nonmalignant diseases. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:6897-904.

21. Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Circulating tumor cells: liquid biopsy of cancer. Clin Chem 2013;59:110-8.

22. Qin J, Alt JR, Hunsley BA, Williams TL, Fernando MR. Stabilization of circulating tumor cells in blood using a collection device with a preservative reagent. Cancer Cell Int 2014;14:23.

23. Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Challenges in circulating tumour cell research. Nat Rev Cancer 2014;14:623-31.

24. Allard WJ, Terstappen LWMM. CCR 20th anniversary commentary: paving the way for circulating tumor cells. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:2883-5.

25. Markou A, Zavridou M, Sourvinou I, et al. Direct comparison of metastasis-related miRNAs expression levels in circulating tumor cells, corresponding plasma, and primary tumors of breast cancer patients. Clin Chem 2016;62:1002-11.

26. Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Luber B, et al. Clinical Significance of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 mRNA Detection in Circulating Tumor Cells of Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With First- and Second-Line Abiraterone and Enzalutamide. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:2149-56.

27. Sinkala E, Sollier-Christen E, Renier C, et al. Profiling protein expression in circulating tumour cells using microfluidic western blotting. Nat Commun 2017;8:14622.

28. Armbrecht L, Rutschmann O, Szczerba BM, Nikoloff J, Aceto N, Dittrich PS. Quantification of Protein Secretion from Circulating Tumor Cells in Microfluidic Chambers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020;7:1903237.

29. Zill OA, Banks KC, Fairclough SR, et al. The Landscape of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA from 21,807 Advanced Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018;24:3528-38.

30. Chun FK, Müller I, Lange I, et al. Circulating tumour-associated plasma DNA represents an independent and informative predictor of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006;98:544-8.

31. Altimari A, Grigioni AD, Benedettini E, et al. Diagnostic role of circulating free plasma DNA detection in patients with localized prostate cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 2008;129:756-62.

32. Bergsmedh A, Szeles A, Henriksson M, et al. Horizontal transfer of oncogenes by uptake of apoptotic bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:6407-11.

33. Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Taja-Chayeb L, et al. Cancer progression mediated by horizontal gene transfer in an in vivo model. PLoS One 2012;7:e52754.

34. Mahon KL, Qu W, Devaney J, et al. PRIMe consortium. Methylated Glutathione S-transferase 1 (mGSTP1) is a potential plasma free DNA epigenetic marker of prognosis and response to chemotherapy in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2014;111:1802-9.

35. Azad AA, Volik SV, Wyatt AW, et al. Androgen Receptor Gene Aberrations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:2315-24.

36. Lallous N, Volik SV, Awrey S, et al. Functional analysis of androgen receptor mutations that confer anti-androgen resistance identified in circulating cell-free DNA from prostate cancer patients. Genome Biol 2016;17:10.

37. Salvi S, Casadio V, Conteduca V, et al. Circulating cell-free AR and CYP17A1 copy number variations may associate with outcome of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone. Br J Cancer 2015;112:1717-24.

38. Carreira S, Romanel A, Goodall J, et al. Tumor clone dynamics in lethal prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2014;6:254ra125.

39. Diehl F, Schmidt K, Choti MA, et al. Circulating mutant DNA to assess tumor dynamics. Nat Med 2008;14:985-90.

40. Leung F, Kulasingam V, Diamandis EP, et al. Circulating tumor DNA as a cancer biomarker: fact or fiction? Clin Chem 2016;62:1054-60.

41. Sozzi G, Roz L, Conte D, et al. Effects of prolonged storage of whole plasma or isolated plasma DNA on the results of circulating DNA quantification assays. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1848-50.

42. Gormally E, Caboux E, Vineis P, Hainaut P. Circulating free DNA in plasma or serum as biomarker of carcinogenesis: practical aspects and biological significance. Mutat Res 2007;635:105-17.

43. Cai X, Janku F, Zhan Q, Fan JB. Accessing genetic information with liquid biopsies. Trends Genet 2015;31:564-75.

44. Schwarzenbach H, Hoon DSB, Pantel K. Cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11:426-37.

45. Gould SJ, Raposo G. As we wait: coping with an imperfect nomenclature for extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2013;2:20389.

46. György B, Szabó TG, Pásztói M, et al. Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011;68:2667-88.

47. Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 2018;7:1535750.

48. Witwer KW, Théry C. Extracellular vesicles or exosomes? J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8:1648167.

49. György B, Szabó TG, Pásztói M, et al. Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011;68:2667-88.

50. Raposo G, Stoorvogel W. Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. J Cell Biol 2013;200:373-83.

51. Kowal J, Arras G, Colombo M, et al. Proteomic comparison defines novel markers to characterize heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicle subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113:E968-77.

52. Pan B, Johnstone RM. Fate of the transferrin receptor during maturation of sheep reticulocytes in vitro: Selective externalization of the receptor. Cell 1983;33:967-78.

53. Johnstone RM, Adam M, Hammond JR, Orr L, Turbide C. Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes). J Biol Chem 1987:262;9412-20.

54. Raposo G, Nijman HW, Stoorvogel W, et al. B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles. J Exp Med 1996;183:1161-72.

55. Valadi H, Ekström K, Bossios A, Sjöstrand M, Lee JJ, Lötvall JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol 2007;9:654-9.

56. Aebersold R, Mann M. Mass-spectrometric exploration of proteome structure and function. Nature 2016;537:347-55.

57. Reuter JA, Spacek DV, Snyder MP. High-throughput sequencing technologies. Mol Cell 2015;58:586-97.

58. Welch JL, Madison MN, Margolick JB, et al. Effect of prolonged freezing of semen on exosome recovery and biologic activity. Sci Rep 2017;7:45034.

59. Tovar-Camargo OA, Toden S, Goel A. Exosomal microRNA biomarkers: emerging frontiers in colorectal and other human cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016;16:553-67.

60. Li P, Kaslan M, Lee SH, Yao J, Gao Z. Progress in exosome isolation techniques. Theranostics 2017;7:789-804.

61. Nordin JZ, Lee Y, Vader P, et al. Ultrafiltration with size-exclusion liquid chromatography for high yield isolation of extracellular vesicles preserving intact biophysical and functional properties. Nanomedicine 2015;11:879-83.

62. Gupta S, Rawat S, Arora V, et al. An improvised one-step sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation method for exosome isolation from culture supernatants of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018;9:180.

63. Van Deun J, Mestdagh P, Sormunen R, et al. The impact of disparate isolation methods for extracellular vesicles on downstream RNA profiling. J Extracell Vesicles 2014;3:24858.

64. Coumans FAW, Brisson AR, Buzas EI, et al. Methodological guidelines to study extracellular vesicles. Circ Res 2017;120:1632-48.

65. Helwa I, Cai J, Drewry MD, et al. A Comparative Study of Serum Exosome Isolation Using Differential Ultracentrifugation and Three Commercial Reagents. PLoS One 2017;12:e0170628.

66. Clayton A, Court J, Navabi H, et al. Analysis of antigen presenting cell derived exosomes, based on immuno-magnetic isolation and flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2001;247:163-74.

67. Théry C, Amigorena S, Raposo G, Clayton A. Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 2006;Chapter 3:Unit 3.22.

68. Brennan K, Martin K, FitzGerald SP, et al. A comparison of methods for the isolation and separation of extracellular vesicles from protein and lipid particles in human serum. Sci Rep 2020;10:1039.

69. Liangsupree T, Multia E, Riekkola ML. Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2021;1636:461773.

70. An M, Wu J, Zhu J, Lubman DM. Comparison of an Optimized Ultracentrifugation Method versus Size-Exclusion Chromatography for Isolation of Exosomes from Human Serum. J Proteome Res 2018;17:3599-605.

71. Koh YQ, Almughlliq FB, Vaswani K, Peiris HN, Mitchell MD. Exosome enrichment by ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2018;23:865-74.

72. Wei R, Zhao L, Kong G, et al. Combination of Size-Exclusion Chromatography and Ultracentrifugation Improves the Proteomic Profiling of Plasma-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles. Biol Proced Online 2020;22:12.

73. Simons M, Raposo G. Exosomes - vesicular carriers for intercellular communication. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009;21:575-81.

74. Mathivanan S, Ji H, Simpson RJ. Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication. J Proteomics 2010;73:1907-20.

75. Kowal J, Tkach M, Théry C. Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014;29:116-25.

76. Clayton A, Boilard E, Buzas EI, et al. Considerations towards a roadmap for collection, handling and storage of blood extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8:1647027.

77. Jørgensen M, Bæk R, Pedersen S, Søndergaard EK, Kristensen SR, Varming K. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Array: microarray capturing of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for multiplexed phenotyping. J Extracell Vesicles 2013;2:20920.

78. Jakobsen KR, Paulsen BS, Bæk R, Varming K, Sorensen BS, Jørgensen MM. Exosomal proteins as potential diagnostic markers in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Extracell Vesicles 2015;4:26659.

79. Shao H, Chung J, Balaj L, et al. Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy. Nat Med 2012;18:1835-40.

80. Kravets VG, Schedin F, Jalil R, et al. Singular phase nano-optics in plasmonic metamaterials for label-free single-molecule detection. Nat Mater 2013;12:304-9.

81. Im H, Shao H, Park YI, et al. Label-free detection and molecular profiling of exosomes with a nano-plasmonic sensor. Nat Biotechnol 2014;32:490-5.

82. Yoshioka Y, Kosaka N, Konishi Y, et al. Ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy of circulating extracellular vesicles using ExoScreen. Nat Commun 2014;5:3591.

83. Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zeng Y, He M. A microfluidic ExoSearch chip for multiplexed exosome detection towards blood-based ovarian cancer diagnosis. Lab Chip 2016;16:489-96.

84. Mitchell PJ, Welton J, Staffurth J, et al. Can urinary exosomes act as treatment response markers in prostate cancer? J Transl Med 2009;7:4.

85. Logozzi M, Angelini DF, Iessi E, et al. Increased PSA expression on prostate cancer exosomes in in vitro condition and in cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2017;403:318-29.

86. Huber V, Fais S, Iero M, et al. Human colorectal cancer cells induce T-cell death through release of proapoptotic microvesicles: role in immune escape. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1796-804.

87. Khan S, Jutzy JM, Valenzuela MM, et al. Plasma-derived exosomal survivin, a plausible biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012;7:e46737.

88. Khan S, Bennit HF, Turay D, et al. Early diagnostic value of survivin and its alternative splice variants in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014;14:176.

89. Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, et al. Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer. Nature 2015;523:177-82.

90. Book: ISEV2017. J Extracell Vesicles 2017;6:1310414.

91. Giampieri R, Piva F, Occhipinti G, et al. Clinical impact of different exosomes' protein expression in pancreatic ductal carcinoma patients treated with standard first line palliative chemotherapy. PLoS One 2019;14:e0215990.

92. Ning K, Wang T, Sun X, et al. UCH-L1-containing exosomes mediate chemotherapeutic resistance transfer in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017;115:932-40.

93. Lv MM, Zhu XY, Chen WX, et al. Exosomes mediate drug resistance transfer in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and a probable mechanism is delivery of P-glycoprotein. Tumour Biol 2014;35:10773-9.

94. Zhang FF, Zhu YF, Zhao QN, et al. Microvesicles mediate transfer of P-glycoprotein to paclitaxel-sensitive A2780 human ovarian cancer cells, conferring paclitaxel-resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;738:83-90.

95. Corcoran C, Rani S, O'Brien K, et al. Docetaxel-resistance in prostate cancer: evaluating associated phenotypic changes and potential for resistance transfer via exosomes. PLoS One 2012;7:e50999.

96. Ciravolo V, Huber V, Ghedini GC, et al. Potential role of HER2-overexpressing exosomes in countering trastuzumab-based therapy. J Cell Physiol 2012;227:658-67.

97. Martinez VG, O'Neill S, Salimu J, et al. Resistance to HER2-targeted anti-cancer drugs is associated with immune evasion in cancer cells and their derived extracellular vesicles. Oncoimmunology 2017;6:e1362530.

98. Chen L, Han X. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of human cancer: past, present, and future. J Clin Invest 2015;125:3384-91.

99. Ribas A, Hamid O, Daud A, et al. Association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and survival among patients with advanced melanoma. JAMA 2016;315:1600-9.

100. Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS, et al. Mutations Associated with Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2016;375:819-29.

101. Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, et al. Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response. Nature 2018;560:382-6.

102. Cao L, Cui X, Hu J, et al. Advances in digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and its emerging biomedical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2017;90:459-74.

103. Ratajczak J, Miekus K, Kucia M, et al. Embryonic stem cell-derived microvesicles reprogram hematopoietic progenitors: evidence for horizontal transfer of mRNA and protein delivery. Leukemia 2006;20:847-56.

104. Kosaka N, Iguchi H, Yoshioka Y, Takeshita F, Matsuki Y, Ochiya T. Secretory mechanisms and intercellular transfer of microRNAs in living cells. J Biol Chem 2010;285:17442-52.

105. Pegtel DM, Cosmopoulos K, Thorley-Lawson DA, et al. Functional delivery of viral miRNAs via exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:6328-33.

106. Zhang Y, Liu D, Chen X, et al. Secreted monocytic miR-150 enhances targeted endothelial cell migration. Mol Cell 2010;39:133-44.

107. Zhu L, Li J, Gong Y, et al. Exosomal tRNA-derived small RNA as a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Mol Cancer 2019;18:74.

108. Zhang PF, Gao C, Huang XY, et al. Cancer cell-derived exosomal circUHRF1 induces natural killer cell exhaustion and may cause resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020;19:110.

109. Gusachenko ON, Zenkova MA, Vlassov VV. Nucleic acids in exosomes: disease markers and intercellular communication molecules. Biochem 2013;78:1-7.

110. Bullock MD, Silva AM, Kanlikilicer-Unaldi P, et al. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Noncoding RNA 2015;1:53-68.

111. Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:10513-8.

112. Taylor DD, Gercel-Taylor C. MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008;110:13-21.

113. Rabinowits G, Gerçel-Taylor C, Day JM, Taylor DD, Kloecker GH. Exosomal microRNA: a diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2009;10:42-6.

114. Takeshita N, Hoshino I, Mori M, et al. Serum microRNA expression profile: miR-1246 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013;108:644-52.

115. Nilsson J, Skog J, Nordstrand A, et al. Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1603-7.

116. Foj L, Ferrer F, Serra M, et al. Exosomal and Non-Exosomal Urinary miRNAs in Prostate Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Prostate 2017;77:573-83.

117. Yasui T, Yanagida T, Ito S, et al. Unveiling massive numbers of cancer-related urinary-microRNA candidates via nanowires. Sci Adv 2017;3:e1701133.

118. McKiernan J, Donovan MJ, O'Neill V, et al. A Novel Urine Exosome Gene Expression Assay to Predict High-grade Prostate Cancer at Initial Biopsy. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:882-9.

119. Huang X, Yuan T, Liang M, et al. Exosomal miR-1290 and miR-375 as prognostic markers in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2015;67:33-41.

120. Tanaka Y, Kamohara H, Kinoshita K, et al. Clinical impact of serum exosomal microRNA-21 as a clinical biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2013;119:1159-67.

121. Matsumura T, Sugimachi K, Iinuma H, et al. Exosomal microRNA in serum is a novel biomarker of recurrence in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015;113:275-81.

122. Işın M, Uysaler E, Özgür E, et al. Exosomal lncRNA-p21 levels may help to distinguish prostate cancer from benign disease. Front Genet 2015;6:168.

123. Lin LY, Yang L, Zeng Q, et al. Tumor-originated exosomal LncUEGC1 as a circulating biomarker for early-stage gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2018;17:84.

124. Zhao R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Exosomal long noncoding RNA HOTTIP as potential novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker test for gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2018;17:68.

125. Lee YR, Kim G, Tak WY, et al. Circulating exosomal noncoding RNAs as prognostic biomarkers in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019;144:1444-52.

126. Chen X, Chen RX, Wei WS, et al. PRMT5 Circular RNA Promotes Metastasis of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder through Sponging miR-30c to Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Cancer Res 2018;24:6319-30.

127. Ogata-Kawata H, Izumiya M, Kurioka D, et al. Circulating exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers of colon cancer. PLoS One 2014;9:e92921.

128. Svedman FC, Lohcharoenkal W, Bottai M, et al. Extracellular microvesicle microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy in metastastic cutaneous malignant melanoma. PLoS One 2018;13:e0206942.

129. Tang S, Zheng K, Tang Y, Li Z, Zou T, Liu D. Overexpression of serum exosomal HOTAIR is correlated with poor survival and poor response to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. J Biosci 2019:44.

130. Dong H, Wang W, Chen R, et al. Exosome-mediated transfer of lncRNASNHG14 promotes trastuzumab chemoresistance in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018;53:1013-26.

131. Mikamori M, Yamada D, Eguchi H, et al. MicroRNA-155 Controls Exosome Synthesis and Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017;7:42339.

132. Del Re M, Biasco E, Crucitta S, et al. The Detection of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in Plasma-derived Exosomal RNA Strongly Predicts Resistance to Hormonal Therapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients. Eur Urol 2017;71:680-7.

133. Woo HK, Park J, Ku JY, et al. Urine-based liquid biopsy: non-invasive and sensitive AR-V7 detection in urinary EVs from patients with prostate cancer. Lab Chip 2018;19:87-97.

134. Del Re M, Marconcini R, Pasquini G, et al. PD-L1 mRNA expression in plasma-derived exosomes is associated with response to anti-PD-1 antibodies in melanoma and NSCLC. Br J Cancer 2018;118:820-4.

135. Ma X, Chen Z, Hua D, et al. Essential role for TrpC5-containing extracellular vesicles in breast cancer with chemotherapeutic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:6389-94.

136. Yang SJ, Wang DD, Li J, et al. Predictive role of GSTP1-containing exosomes in chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer. Gene 2017;623:5-14.

137. Shao H, Chung J, Lee K, et al. Chip-based analysis of exosomal mRNA mediating drug resistance in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2015;6:6999.

138. Balaj L, Lessard R, Dai L, et al. Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences. Nat Commun 2011;2:180.

139. Yokoi A, Villar-Prados A, Oliphint PA, et al. Mechanisms of nuclear content loading to exosomes. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax8849.

140. Thakur BK, Zhang H, Becker A, et al. Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection. Cell Res 2014;24:766-9.

141. Kahlert C, Melo SA, Protopopov A, et al. Identification of double-stranded genomic DNA spanning all chromosomes with mutated KRAS and p53 DNA in the serum exosomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. J Biol Chem 2014;289:3869-75.

142. Kahlert C. Liquid Biopsy: Is There an Advantage to Analyzing Circulating Exosomal DNA Compared to cfDNA or Are They the Same? Cancer Res 2019;79:2462-5.

143. Allenson K, Castillo J, San Lucas FA, et al. High prevalence of mutant KRAS in circulating exosome-derived DNA from early-stage pancreatic cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017;28:741-7.

144. Bernard V, Kim DU, San Lucas FA, et al. Circulating Nucleic Acids Are Associated With Outcomes of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2019;156:108-118.e4.

145. Castellanos-Rizaldos E, Grimm DG, Tadigotla V, et al. Exosome-Based Detection of. EGFR ;24:2944-50.

146. Krug AK, Enderle D, Karlovich C, et al. Improved EGFR mutation detection using combined exosomal RNA and circulating tumor DNA in NSCLC patient plasma. Ann Oncol 2018;29:2143.

147. Lee DH, Yoon H, Park S, et al. Urinary Exosomal and cell-free DNA Detects Somatic Mutation and Copy Number Alteration in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder. Sci Rep 2018;8:14707.

148. Takahashi A, Okada R, Nagao K, et al. Exosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by excreting harmful DNA from cells. Nat Commun 2017;8:15287.

149. Fischer S, Cornils K, Speiseder T, et al. Indication of Horizontal DNA Gene Transfer by Extracellular Vesicles. PLoS One 2016;11:e0163665.

150. Jin Y, Chen K, Wang Z, et al. DNA in serum extracellular vesicles is stable under different storage conditions. BMC Cancer 2016;16:753.

151. Mandel P, Métais P. Les Acides Nucleiques Du Plasma Sanguin Chez l’ Homme. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1948;142:241-3. (in French).

152. Schwarzenbach H, da Silva AM, Calin G, Pantel K. Data Normalization Strategies for MicroRNA Quantification. Clin Chem 2015;61:1333-42.

153. Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 2002;3:RESEARCH0034.

154. Mathivanan S, Simpson RJ. ExoCarta: A compendium of exosomal proteins and RNA. Proteomics 2009;9:4997-5000.

155. Nguyen HQ, Lee D, Kim Y, et al. Platelet Factor 4 as a Novel Exosome Marker in MALDI-MS Analysis of Exosomes from Human Serum. Anal Chem 2019;91:13297-305.

156. Lu Q, Zhang J, Allison R, et al. Identification of extracellular delta-catenin accumulation for prostate cancer detection. Prostate 2009;69:411-8.

157. Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, et al. Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel. Oncotarget 2015;6:21740-54.

158. Biggs CN, Siddiqui KM, Al-Zahrani AA, et al. Prostate extracellular vesicles in patient plasma as a liquid biopsy platform for prostate cancer using nanoscale flow cytometry. Oncotarget 2016;7:8839-49.

159. Smalley DM, Sheman NE, Nelson K, Theodorescu D. Isolation and identification of potential urinary microparticle biomarkers of bladder cancer. J Proteome Res 2008;7:2088-96.

160. Chen CL, Lai YF, Tang P, et al. Comparative and targeted proteomic analyses of urinary microparticles from bladder cancer and hernia patients. J Proteome Res 2012;11:5611-29.

161. Lin SY, Chang CH, Wu HC, et al. Proteome Profiling of Urinary Exosomes Identifies Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and H2B1K as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Urothelial Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016;6:34446.

162. Silvers CR, Miyamoto H, Messing EM, Netto GJ, Lee YF. Characterization of urinary extracellular vesicle proteins in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017;8:91199-208.

163. Silvers CR, Liu YR, Wu CH, Miyamoto H, Messing EM, Lee YF. Identification of extracellular vesicle-borne periostin as a feature of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016;7:23335-45.

164. Beckham CJ, Olsen J, Yin PN, et al. Bladder cancer exosomes contain EDIL-3/Del1 and facilitate cancer progression. J Urol 2014;192:583-92.

165. Welton JL, Khanna S, Giles PJ, et al. Proteomics analysis of bladder cancer exosomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010;9:1324-38.

166. Raimondo F, Morosi L, Corbetta S, et al. Differential protein profiling of renal cell carcinoma urinary exosomes. Mol Biosyst 2013;9:1220-33.

167. Wang X, Zhong W, Bu J, et al. Exosomal protein CD82 as a diagnostic biomarker for precision medicine for breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2019;58:674-85.

168. Rupp AK, Rupp C, Keller S, et al. Loss of EpCAM expression in breast cancer derived serum exosomes: role of proteolytic cleavage. Gynecol Oncol 2011;122:437-46.

169. Wang T, Ning K, Lu TX, et al. Increasing circulating exosomes-carrying TRPC5 predicts chemoresistance in metastatic breast cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2017;108:448-54.

170. Szajnik M, Derbis M, Lach M, et al. Exosomes in Plasma of Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma: Potential Biomarkers of Tumor Progression and Response to Therapy. Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale) 2013;Suppl 4:3.

171. Li J, Sherman-Baust CA, Tsai-Turton M, Bristow RE, Roden RB, Morin PJ. Claudin-containing exosomes in the peripheral circulation of women with ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2009;9:244.

172. Tang MKS, Yue PYK, Ip PP, et al. Soluble E-cadherin promotes tumor angiogenesis and localizes to exosome surface. Nat Commun 2018;9:2270.

173. Graves LE, Ariztia EV, Navari JR, Matzel HJ, Stack MS, Fishman DA. Proinvasive properties of ovarian cancer ascites-derived membrane vesicles. Cancer Res 2004;64:7045-9.

174. Keller S, König AK, Marmé F, et al. Systemic presence and tumor-growth promoting effect of ovarian carcinoma released exosomes. Cancer Lett 2009;278:73-81.

175. Frampton AE, Prado MM, López-Jiménez E, et al. Glypican-1 is enriched in circulating-exosomes in pancreatic cancer and correlates with tumor burden. Oncotarget 2018;9:19006-13.

176. Kimura H, Yamamoto H, Harada T, et al. CKAP4, a DKK1 Receptor, Is a Biomarker in Exosomes Derived from Pancreatic Cancer and a Molecular Target for Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019;25:1936-47.

177. Costa-Silva B, Aiello NM, Ocean AJ, et al. Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat Cell Biol 2015;17:816-26.

178. Yokoyama S, Takeuchi A, Yamaguchi S, et al. Clinical implications of carcinoembryonic antigen distribution in serum exosomal fraction-Measurement by ELISA. PLoS One 2017;12:e0183337.

179. Choi DS, Park JO, Jang SC, et al. Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human colorectal cancer ascites. Proteomics 2011;11:2745-51.

180. Baran J, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Weglarczyk K, et al. Circulating tumour-derived microvesicles in plasma of gastric cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010;59:841-50.

181. Yamashita T, Kamada H, Kanasaki S, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor localized to exosome membranes as a possible biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. Pharmazie 2013:68;969-73.

182. Niu L, Song X, Wang N, Xue L, Song X, Xie L. Tumor-derived exosomal proteins as diagnostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2019;110:433-42.

183. Sandfeld-Paulsen B, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Bæk R, et al. Exosomal proteins as prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2016;10:1595-602.

184. Li Y, Zhang Y, Qiu F, Qiu Z. Proteomic identification of exosomal LRG1: a potential urinary biomarker for detecting NSCLC. Electrophoresis 2011;32:1976-83.

185. Logozzi M, De Milito A, Lugini L, et al. High levels of exosomes expressing CD63 and caveolin-1 in plasma of melanoma patients. PLoS One 2009;4:e5219.

186. Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, et al. Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med 2012;18:883-91.

187. Bryant RJ, Pawlowski T, Catto JW, et al. Changes in circulating microRNA levels associated with prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2012;106:768-74.

188. Xu Y, Qin S, An T, Tang Y, Huang Y, Zheng L. MiR-145 detection in urinary extracellular vesicles increase diagnostic efficiency of prostate cancer based on hydrostatic filtration dialysis method. Prostate 2017;77:1167-75.

189. Koppers-Lalic D, Hackenberg M, de Menezes R, et al. Noninvasive prostate cancer detection by measuring miRNA variants (isomiRs) in urine extracellular vesicles. Oncotarget 2016;7:22566-78.

190. Wani S, Kaul D, Mavuduru RS, Kakkar N, Bhatia A. Urinary-exosomal miR-2909: A novel pathognomonic trait of prostate cancer severity. J Biotechnol 2017;259:135-9.

191. Rodríguez M, Bajo-Santos C, Hessvik NP, et al. Identification of non-invasive miRNAs biomarkers for prostate cancer by deep sequencing analysis of urinary exosomes. Mol Cancer 2017;16:1-6.

192. Endzeliņš E, Berger A, Melne V, et al. Detection of circulating miRNAs: comparative analysis of extracellular vesicle-incorporated miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs in whole plasma of prostate cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2017;17:730.

193. Li Z, Ma YY, Wang J, et al. Exosomal microRNA-141 is upregulated in the serum of prostate cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016;9:139-48.

194. Hessvik NP, Sandvig K, Llorente A. Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2013;4:36.

195. Moltzahn F, Olshen AB, Baehner L, et al. Microfluidic-based multiplex qRT-PCR identifies diagnostic and prognostic microRNA signatures in the sera of prostate cancer patients. Cancer Res 2011;71:550-60.

196. Lodes MJ, Caraballo M, Suciu D, Munro S, Kumar A, Anderson B. Detection of cancer with serum miRNAs on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One 2009;4:e6229.

197. Bhagirath D, Yang TL, Bucay N, et al. microRNA-1246 Is an Exosomal Biomarker for Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2018;78:1833-44.

198. Wang YH, Ji J, Wang BC, et al. Tumor-Derived Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;46:532-45.

199. De Long J, Sullivan TB, Humphrey J, et al. A non-invasive miRNA based assay to detect bladder cancer in cell-free urine. Am J Transl Res 2015;7:2500-9.

200. Armstrong DA, Green BB, Seigne JD, Schned AR, Marsit CJ. MicroRNA molecular profiling from matched tumor and bio-fluids in bladder cancer. Mol Cancer 2015;14:194.

201. Andreu Z, Otta Oshiro R, Redruello A, et al. Extracellular vesicles as a source for non-invasive biomarkers in bladder cancer progression. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017;98:70-9.

202. Baumgart S, Meschkat P, Edelmann P, et al. MP78-05 INVASION-ASSOCIATED MIRNAS S AS POSSIBLE DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS OF MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER IN TUMOR TISSUES AND URINARY EXOSOMES. J Urol 2018:199.

203. Berrondo C, Flax J, Kucherov V, et al. Expression of the Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Correlates with Disease Progression in Bladder Cancer and Is Contained in Bladder Cancer Patient Urinary Exosomes. PLoS One 2016;11:e0147236.

204. Zhang S, Du L, Wang L, et al. Evaluation of serum exosomal LncRNA-based biomarker panel for diagnosis and recurrence prediction of bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019;23:1396-405.

205. Xue M, Chen W, Xiang A, et al. Hypoxic exosomes facilitate bladder tumor growth and development through transferring long non-coding RNA-UCA1. Mol Cancer 2017;16:143.

206. Zhang W, Ni M, Su Y, et al. MicroRNAs in Serum Exosomes as Potential Biomarkers in Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus 2018;4:412-9.

207. Wang X, Wang T, Chen C, et al. Serum exosomal miR-210 as a potential biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem ;2018:1492-502.

208. Butz H, Nofech-Mozes R, Ding Q, et al. Exosomal MicroRNAs Are Diagnostic Biomarkers and Can Mediate Cell-Cell Communication in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus 2016;2:210-8.

209. Fujii N, Hirata H, Ueno K, et al. Extracellular MiR-224 as a prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017;8:109877-88.

210. Du M, Giridhar KV, Tian Y, et al. Plasma exosomal miRNAs-based prognosis in metastatic kidney cancer. Oncotarget 2017;8:63703-14.

211. De Palma G, Sallustio F, Curci C, et al. The Three-Gene Signature in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016;7:1960-7.

212. Hannafon BN, Trigoso YD, Calloway CL, et al. Plasma exosome microRNAs are indicative of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2016;18:90.

213. Zhou W, Fong MY, Min Y, et al. Cancer-secreted miR-105 destroys vascular endothelial barriers to promote metastasis. Cancer Cell 2014;25:501-15.

214. Rodríguez-Martínez A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Ortega FG, et al. Exosomal miRNA profile as complementary tool in the diagnostic and prediction of treatment response in localized breast cancer under neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2019;21:21.

215. Santos JC, Lima NDS, Sarian LO, Matheu A, Ribeiro ML, Derchain SFM. Exosome-mediated breast cancer chemoresistance via miR-155 transfer. Sci Rep 2018;8:829.

216. Gregory PA, Bert AG, Paterson EL, et al. The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Nat Cell Biol 2008;10:593-601.

217. Pigati L, Yaddanapudi SC, Iyengar R, et al. Selective release of microRNA species from normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2010;5:e13515.

218. Kanlikilicer P, Bayraktar R, Denizli M, et al. Exosomal miRNA confers chemo resistance via targeting Cav1/p-gp/M2-type macrophage axis in ovarian cancer. EBioMedicine 2018;38:100-12.

219. Que R, Ding G, Chen J, Cao L. Analysis of serum exosomal microRNAs and clinicopathologic features of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2013;11:219.

220. Lau C, Kim Y, Chia D, et al. Role of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes in salivary biomarker development. J Biol Chem 2013;288:26888-97.

221. Tian XP, Wang CY, Jin XH, et al. Acidic Microenvironment Up-Regulates Exosomal miR-21 and miR-10b in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Promote Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis. Theranostics 2019;9:1965-79.

222. Xie M, Yu T, Jing X, et al. Exosomal circSHKBP1 promotes gastric cancer progression via regulating the miR-582-3p/HUR/VEGF axis and suppressing HSP90 degradation. Mol Cancer 2020;19:112.

223. Liu C, Eng C, Shen J, et al. Serum exosomal miR-4772-3p is a predictor of tumor recurrence in stage II and III colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016;7:76250-60.

224. Bjørnetrø T, Redalen KR, Meltzer S, et al. An experimental strategy unveiling exosomal microRNAs 486-5p, 181a-5p and 30d-5p from hypoxic tumour cells as circulating indicators of high-risk rectal cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8:1567219.

225. Cazzoli R, Buttitta F, Di Nicola M, et al. microRNAs derived from circulating exosomes as noninvasive biomarkers for screening and diagnosing lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2013;8:1156-62.

226. Silva J, García V, Zaballos Á, et al. Vesicle-related microRNAs in plasma of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and correlation with survival. Eur Respir J 2011;37:617-23.

227. Aushev VN, Zborovskaya IB, Laktionov KK, et al. Comparisons of microRNA patterns in plasma before and after tumor removal reveal new biomarkers of lung squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013;8:e78649.

228. Wei F, Ma C, Zhou T, et al. Exosomes derived from gemcitabine-resistant cells transfer malignant phenotypic traits via delivery of miRNA-222-3p. Mol Cancer 2017;16:132.

229. Yuwen DL, Sheng BB, Liu J, Wenyu W, Shu YQ. MiR-146a-5p level in serum exosomes predicts therapeutic effect of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017;21:2650-8.

230. Shi L, Chen J, Yang J, Pan T, Zhang S, Wang Z. MiR-21 protected human glioblastoma U87MG cells from chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide induced apoptosis by decreasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. Brain Res 2010;1352:255-64.

231. Akers JC, Ramakrishnan V, Kim R, et al. MiR-21 in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): a platform for glioblastoma biomarker development. PLoS One 2013;8:e78115.

232. Manterola L, Guruceaga E, Gállego Pérez-Larraya J, et al. A small noncoding RNA signature found in exosomes of GBM patient serum as a diagnostic tool. Neuro Oncol 2014;16:520-7.

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids
ISSN 2767-6641 (Online)
Follow Us

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/