fig3

From: Bringing real-time observability to practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Figure 3. (A) Operando optical fiber monitoring (physical parameters); (B) In-situ electrochemical transistor detection (chemical composition); (C) and (D) The in-situ monitoring of battery pressure and temperature during the hydrogen evolution process of the Zn-MnO₂ pouch cell and Zn-TiO₂/MnO₂ cell. (C and D) Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[16] copyright © 2025, American Chemical Society; (E) and (F) The resolution voltages, I_DS-pH and I_DS-DO of the EGFET-pH and DO sensors when detecting aqueous zinc-ion batteries within the normal charging voltage and the overcharging voltage; (E and F) Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[17] copyright © 2025, Springer Nature. HER: Hydrogen evolution reaction; I_DS: source-drain current; EGFET: extended-gate field-effect transistor.