fig3

Figure 3. (A) Migration path, Li-O and S-La bond lengths profile of Li₂S₂ diffusion on the surface of La₂O₃; (B) The energy profile for Li₂S₂ → Li₂S conversion process catalyzed by La₂O₃. The figures are quoted with permission from Zhang et al.^[57]; (C) Schematic of the solvothermal route to carbon microspheres (CMs) with and without embedded La₂O₃ quantum dots (QDs). Note that adding La precursors produces pronounced differences in sphere morphology. This figure is quoted with permission from Dai et al.^[62]; (D) Preparation process of sulfur electrode with CNT and CeO₂. The figures are quoted with permission from Xiao et al.^[78]; (E) Electronic density difference of different models (i.e., CeO₂, Cu-CeO₂, and Cu-CeO_2-x). The figures are quoted with permission from Hou et al.^[82]. DMF: BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; CNT: carbon nanotube; NMC: nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbons.