REFERENCES
1. Chen, B.; Liu, L.; Song, Y.; et al. Functional upcycling of waste polyester into Cr-MOF towards synergistic interfacial solar evaporation and organic pollutant degradation. Mater. Today. Sustain. 2023, 24, 100561.
2. Liu, N.; Hao, L.; Zhang, B.; Niu, R.; Gong, J.; Tang, T. Rational design of high-performance bilayer solar evaporator by using waste polyester-derived porous carbon-coated wood. Energy. Environ. Mater. 2022, 5, 617-26.
3. Chen, C.; Kuang, Y.; Hu, L. Challenges and opportunities for solar evaporation. Joule 2019, 3, 683-718.
4. Karami, S.; Roghabadi, F. A.; Maleki, M.; Ahmadi, V.; Sadrameli, S. M. Materials and structures engineering of sun-light absorbers for efficient direct solar steam generation. Solar. Energy. 2021, 225, 747-72.
5. Ahmad, M. M.; Ma, Y.; Saravanan, V.; et al. Facile construction of a super hydrophilic and highly porous Ti3C2Tx/alginate aerogel solar evaporator for water evaporation and purification. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2025, 371, 133363.
6. Chen, B.; Ren, J.; Song, Y.; et al. Upcycling waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) into a porous carbon cuboid through a MOF-derived carbonization strategy for interfacial solar-driven water-thermoelectricity cogeneration. ACS. Sustainable. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 16427-39.
7. Ahmad, M. M.; Fatima, A.; Ma, Y.; et al. A robust Ti3C2Tx/alginate hydrogel reinforced with wheat straw cellulose microfibers (CMFs) for highly durable solar-driven water evaporation and desalination. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 2026, 47, e01924.
8. Yang, J.; Li, Z.; Xu, Q.; et al. Towards carbon neutrality: sustainable recycling and upcycling strategies and mechanisms for polyethylene terephthalate via biotic/abiotic pathways. Eco. Environ. Health. 2024, 3, 117-30.
9. Geyer, R.; Jambeck, J. R.; Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1700782.
10. Hao, L.; Liu, N.; Zhang, B.; Niu, R.; Gong, J.; Tang, T. Waste-to-wealth: Sustainable conversion of polyester waste into porous carbons as efficient solar steam generators. J. Taiwan. Inst. Chem. Eng. 2020, 115, 71-8.
11. Elia, V.; Gnoni, M. G.; Tornese, F. Measuring circular economy strategies through index methods: a critical analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142, 2741-51.
12. Lu, Y.; Dong, J.; Guo, G.; et al. Sustainable conversion of waste polyester fibers into high-performance porous carbon for CO2 capture. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2025, 64, 15034-44.
13. Hussain, M.; Ibrahim, K. B.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; et al. Upcycled PET-derived carbon foam functionalized with Cu3SbS4-Sb2S3 heterostructures for efficient interfacial solar desalination. Small 2025, 21, e06862.
14. Hussain, M.; Taranova, A.; Ibrahim, K. B.; et al. Decoration of two-dimensional Cus nanoflakes on graphitic carbon foam derived from waste plastic for interfacial solar desalination. Solar. RRL. 2025, 9, 2400777.
15. Bai, H.; He, P.; Hao, L.; et al. Engineering self-floating Fe2O3/N,O-doped carbon foam as a bifunctional interfacial solar evaporator for synergetic freshwater production and advanced oxidation process. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 108338.
16. Gan, Z.; Sun, W.; Zhao, S.; et al. Hierarchical porous structure salt-resistance carbon-based aerogel for efficient solar-driven interfacial steam generation. Chem. Eng. J. 2024, 495, 153694.
17. Yu, B.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Z. Recent advances and challenges of metal-based materials for solar steam generation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2307533.
18. Zhu, M.; Zhang, R.; Yuan, S.; Liu, P. Advances in cellulose materials for interfacial water evaporation and their applications in seawater desalination. Desalination 2025, 601, 118559.
19. Wang, X.; Liu, Q.; Wu, S.; Xu, B.; Xu, H. Multilayer polypyrrole nanosheets with self-organized surface structures for flexible and efficient solar-thermal energy conversion. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1807716.
20. Xu, W.; Xing, Y.; Liu, J.; et al. Efficient water transport and solar steam generation via radially, hierarchically structured aerogels. ACS. Nano. 2019, 13, 7930-8.
21. Zhang, L.; Tang, B.; Wu, J.; Li, R.; Wang, P. Hydrophobic light-to-heat conversion membranes with self-healing ability for interfacial solar heating. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 4889-94.
22. Bai, H.; Liu, N.; Hao, L.; et al. Self-floating efficient solar steam generators constructed using super-hydrophilic N,O dual-doped carbon foams from waste polyester. Energy. Environ. Mater. 2022, 5, 1204-13.
23. Hussain, M.; Shifa, T. A.; Shinde, P. V.; et al. Enhanced solar water desalination by CuCo2S4-decorated carbon foam derived from waste plastics. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 2024, 40, 548-55.
24. Chen, R.; Wang, X.; Gan, Q.; Zhang, T.; Zhu, K.; Ye, M. A bifunctional MoS2 -based solar evaporator for both efficient water evaporation and clean freshwater collection. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2019, 7, 11177-85.
25. Zhu, Q.; Xu, Q.; Du, M.; et al. Recent progress of metal sulfide photocatalysts for solar energy conversion. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, e2202929.
26. Li, W.; Tekell, M. C.; Huang, Y.; Bertelsmann, K.; Lau, M.; Fan, D. Synergistic high-rate solar steaming and mercury removal with MoS2/C@ polyurethane composite sponges. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2018, 8, 1802108.
27. Wang, Z.; Yu, K.; Gong, S.; Mao, H.; Huang, R.; Zhu, Z. Cu3BiS3/MXenes with excellent solar-thermal conversion for continuous and efficient seawater desalination. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2021, 13, 16246-58.
28. Yang, X.; Yang, Y.; Fu, L.; et al. An ultrathin flexible 2D membrane based on single-walled nanotube-MoS2 hybrid film for high-performance solar steam generation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1704505.
29. Guo, Z.; Wang, G.; Ming, X.; et al. PEGylated self-growth MoS2 on a cotton cloth substrate for high-efficiency solar energy utilization. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018, 10, 24583-9.
30. Zhang, W.; Zhu, W.; Shi, S.; Hu, N.; Suo, Y.; Wang, J. Bioinspired foam with large 3D macropores for efficient solar steam generation. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2018, 6, 16220-7.
31. Ghim, D.; Jiang, Q.; Cao, S.; Singamaneni, S.; Jun, Y. Mechanically interlocked 1T/2H phases of MoS2 nanosheets for solar thermal water purification. Nano. Energy. 2018, 53, 949-57.
32. Song, C.; Zhang, B.; Hao, L.; et al. Converting poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste into N-doped porous carbon as CO2 adsorbent and solar steam generator. Green. Energy. Environ. 2022, 7, 411-22.
33. Aizudin, M.; Goei, R.; Ong, A. J.; et al. Sustainable development of graphitic carbon nanosheets from plastic wastes with efficient photothermal energy conversion for enhanced solar evaporation. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2022, 10, 19612-7.
34. Fan, Z.; Ren, J.; Bai, H.; et al. Shape-controlled fabrication of MnO/C hybrid nanoparticle from waste polyester for solar evaporation and thermoelectricity generation. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 451, 138534.
35. Alfaro-barajas, A.; Vega-hincapié, D. J.; Hdz-garcia, H.; Oliva, J.; Herrera-trejo, M.; Mtz-enriquez, A. I. Carbon monoliths from PET wastes for interfacial solar evaporation. Mater. Lett. 2021, 294, 129796.
36. Fechler, N.; Fellinger, T. P.; Antonietti, M. “Salt templating”: a simple and sustainable pathway toward highly porous functional carbons from ionic liquids. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 75-9.
37. Guo, Z.; Yu, F.; Chen, Z.; Shi, Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, X. Stabilized Mo2S3 by FeS2 based porous solar evaporation systems for highly efficient clean freshwater collection. Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. Cells. 2020, 211, 110531.
38. Mohammadi, T.; Safavi, M. A. Application of Taguchi method in optimization of desalination by vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination 2009, 249, 83-9.
39. Chaubey, P.; Sarkar, S.; Sharma, P. K. A multi-interface SnO2-Co3O4-Mo2S3 nanocomposite for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting. Surf. Interfaces. 2025, 72, 107099.
40. Wu, J.; Liu, J.; Yin, G.; et al. Interfacial solar steam generation at the water-energy nexus: Materials, mechanisms, and multifunctional integration. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep. 2026, 169, 101209.
41. Guo, S.; Patel, S.; Wang, J.; et al. Self-powered green energy-harvesting and sensing interfaces based on hygroscopic gel and water-locking effects. Sci. Adv. 2025, 11, eadw5991.
42. Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X.; et al. Moiré superlattice-driven bionic hydrogel robot with programmable multifunctionality. Nat. Commun. 2026, 17.
