fig1

Figure 1. FE-SEM surface images of (A) undoped NWs after hydrothermal synthesis; and after (B) one-step and (C) two-step annealing processes; (D) Ti-doped NWs after hydrothermal synthesis, and after (E) one-step and (F) two-step annealing processes; Cross-sectional views of undoped (G) one-step and (H) two-step annealed, as well as Ti-doped (I) one-step and (J) two-step annealed α-Fe₂O₃ NWs. FE-SEM: Field emission scanning electron microscopy; NWs: nanowires.