fig1

Figure 1. (A) Abundances of cobalt, nickel, manganese, magnesium, and aluminum on the earth’s crust. (B) Price chart of raw cobalt, nickel, and copper in the past decade (2012 to August 2022), (C) Energy density and cobalt content of typical layered oxides, ranging from LiCoO₂ (LCO) to LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO₂ (NMC-xyz) of increasing nickel content. This figure is quoted with permission from Lee et al.^[1].