fig6

Figure 6. (A) Comparisons of Nafion membranes obtained from the cycled MnO₂/VOSO₄-Zn and MnO₂-Zn batteries before and after immersion in E-MnVO. (B) Discharge curves and (C) cyclic performance of the failed MnO₂-Zn battery after addition of VOSO₄ at 5 mAh cm^-2 and 10 mA cm^-2. (D) Charge/discharge curves and (E) cyclic performance of MnO₂/VOSO₄-Zn flow battery at 20 mAh cm^-2 and 10 mA cm^-2. (F) Comparison of the electrochemical performance of reported electrolytic MnO₂-based batteries.