fig1

Figure 1. (A) Energy density plot of different rechargeable battery technologies (reprinted with permission^[5]). (B) Abundance of the most common elements in PIBs and LIBs within the earth’s crust (reprinted with permission^[5]). (C and D) Anode and cathode electrodes and their achieved energy densities, capacities, and working potentials in PIBs (adapted with permission from^[18]).