fig14

Figure 14. (A) Redox mechanism of PANI/CFs. Reproduced with permission^[97]. Copyright 2018, Wiley Online Library; (B) Redox mechanism of PDAN. Reproduced with permission^[103]. Copyright 2022, Wiley Online Library; (C) Bipolar ion storage mechanism of Thn-CH₃COO. Reproduced with permission^[102]. Copyright 2023, Wiley Online Library. PANI/CFs: Polyaniline/carbon nanoflower; PDAN: polymer poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene).