fig9

Figure 9. Characteristics and derived SEI of WSEs. (A) Binding energy of Li⁺ with solvents and anions based on DFT calculations. (B) Activation energy for Li⁺ desolvation and transport across the SEI in different electrolytes obtained by temperature-dependent three-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Reproduced with permission^[80] (copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH GmbH). (C) Raman spectra and decoupled three-type stretching vibrations environments of FSI^- in different electrolytes. Reproduced with permission^[101] (copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH GmbH). (D) Cryo-electron microscopy images and F 1s XPS depth profiles of Li anode surface. Adapted with permission^[117] [copyright 2020, the author(s)]. SEI: Solid electrolyte interphase; WSE: weakly solvating electrolyte; DFT: density functional theory ; FSI^-: bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.