fig19

Figure 19. Total structure of (A) Cu₄ and (B) Cu₈; FE of CO₂RR products on (C) Cu₄ and (D) Cu₈; (E) Free energy diagram of CO₂RR on Cu₄.; (F) Mechanism of hydrogen bond interaction between *H and reaction intermediates; (G) Relative free energies of initial configuration (IS), transition states (TS), and final configuration (FS) for *CO protonation to *CHO. This figure is reproduced with permission from Ref.^[67], © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. RHE: Reversible hydrogen electrode; FE: Faradaic efficiency.