fig13

Figure 13. (A) SAC regulation strategies: spatial configuration, distances, and coordination environment of active atoms. Schematic structure models of Ir₁/CoOOH_lat and Ir₁/CoOOH_sur. The white, red, purple, and yellow spheres represent H, O, Co, and Ir atoms, respectively^[189]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. Illustration of the effect of Ir atomic distance on the stability of cobalt oxide catalysts. The blue and green spheres represent Co and Ir atoms^[190]. Schematic representation of symmetric (near-perfect) and asymmetric (distorted square-planar) Pt₁O₄ coordination^[78]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH; (B) Schematic of the sintering process of Pt NPs after physical mixing of ceria with Pt/La-Al₂O₃^[202]. Copyright 2016, AAAS; (C) Schematic of the preparation of Pt₁/Co SAACs via ball milling^[204]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society; (D) Schematic of the experimental device and preparation of Cu-SAs/N-C catalysts^[208]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature; (E) SAC: synthesis production line based on precursor aerosol strategy^[214]. SAC: Single-atom catalyst.