Figure1

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the power flow solving framework SMsRC. (a) Driving information and IEEE14 bus system configuration with known/unknown variables. (b) Parallel Echo State Network for initial state learning. (c) Extraction of functional vectors via parameter compression. (d) Identification of higher-order neighbors via node-pair prediction losses. (e) Architecture of the Spatial Multi-scale Reservoir Computing. (f) Physical constraint module for readout layer solving. (g) Final feasible power flow solution.