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Figure 1. Neurodegenerative biomarkers in iRBD. The lower half shows recognized markers including clinical and neuropsychological features, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, genetic, biofluid, and biopsy-based biomarkers. The upper half summarizes the promising markers suggested in recent studies, concerning features related to personality traits, circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, and those derived from artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; AI: artificial intelligence; CSF: cerebrospinal Fluid; iRBD: isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MIBG: metaiodobenzylguanidin; PET: positron emission tomography; RBD: rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; RT-QuIC: real-time quaking-induced conversion; SN: substantia nigra; SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography; UPDRS-III: unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale part III.