fig1

Figure 1. The applications of RT-QuIC and PMCA (Created in BioRender. LIU, R. (2025). https://BioRender.com/104rlef). They can be utilized for the diagnosis and monitoring of prion diseases, prion strain investigation, assessment of species barriers and zoonotic risks, drug screening, detection of surface contamination, and evaluation of decontamination protocols. They also hold potential as auxiliary diagnostic tools for other neurodegenerative disorders. CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; PD: Parkinson’s disease; RT-QuIC: real-time quaking-induced conversion; PMCA: protein misfolding cyclic amplification.