fig8

Figure 8. Autonomous experimental platforms for electrocatalyst discovery and optimization. (A) Schematic of the FastCat autonomous catalyst-development platform integrating robotic synthesis, electrochemical testing, data analysis, and closed-loop optimization. Reproduced from reference^[98] under CC BY 4.0 License; (B) Automated robotic platform integrating high-throughput catalyst synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemical testing, and data-driven multi-objective Bayesian optimization for closed-loop discovery of high-entropy CER catalysts. Reproduced with permission from reference^[99]. Copyright © 2026, Wiley-VCH GmbH. BO: Bayesian optimization.