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Figure 4. Roles of generative AI in nanomaterial reconstruction. (A) Conceptual roles of generative AI, including candidate structure generation, probabilistic ensemble inference, and reconstruction-pathway sampling; (B) Representative flow-based and diffusion-based generative schemes for structure generation. Flow-based models learn transformations between structural and latent representations^[38-40,43]. Diffusion models progressively perturb structures with noise and learn a reverse denoising process to generate candidate structures^[38-40,43]. AI: Artificial intelligence.