REFERENCES
1. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Rice TW. Lobectomy - video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle-sparing thoracotomy. A randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;109:997-1001; discussion 1001.
2. Flores RM, Park BJ, Dycoco J, et al. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus thoracotomy for lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138:11-8.
3. Rocco G, Martin-Ucar A, Passera E. Uniportal VATS wedge pulmonary resections. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:726-8.
4. Gonzalez D, Paradela M, Garcia J, Dela Torre M. Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2011;12:514-5.
5. Wildgaard K, Ravn J, Kehlet H. Chronic post-thoracotomy pain: a critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;36:170-80.
6. Bendixen M, Jørgensen OD, Kronborg C, Andersen C, Licht PB. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:836-44.
7. Qsous G, Downes A, Carroll B, et al. A comparison of the differences in postoperative chronic pain between video-assisted and robotic-assisted approaches in thoracic surgery. Cureus. 2022;14:e31688.
8. Cerezo Madueño F, Arango Tomás E, Algar Algar FJ, Salvatierra Velázquez A. Periareolar approach for thoracoscopic lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014;97:1427-9.
9. Tian D, Wang JJ, Jiang KY, et al. The subcutaneous tunneled periareolar approach in lung resection performed through uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Thorac Dis. 2025;17:1073-9.
10. Klinger M, Vinci V, Giannasi S, et al. The periareolar approach: all seasons technique for multiple breast conditions. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9:e3693.
11. Van Praet KM, Kofler M, Akansel S, et al. Periareolar endoscopic minimally invasive cardiac surgery: postoperative scar assessment analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2022;35:ivac200.
12. Choi YS, Choi JH, Jeon MS, et al. First experience of single-port robotic areolar approach thyroidectomy. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;16:275-81.
13. Kesler KA, Brooks-Brunn JA, Campbell RL, Brown JW. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis palmaris: a periareolar approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:314-7.
14. Tabet GS, Kassabian EB, Rohayem JN, Jebara VA. Periareolar mediastinoscopy: a new technique. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1335-6.
15. Pérez D, Cano JR, Quevedo S, López L. Videothoracoscopic repair of pectus excavatum with sternal transection for adult patients with nonelastic deformity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142:942-3.
16. Chen JF, Lin JB, Tu YR, et al. Nonintubated transareolar single-port thoracic sympathicotomy with a needle scope in a series of 85 male patients. Surg Endosc. 2016;30:3447-53.
17. Lin JB, Chen JF, Lai FC, Li X, Qiu ML. Transareolar pulmonary bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152:999-1005.
18. Yazawa T, Igai H, Ohsawa F, Yoshikawa R, Matsuura N, Kamiyoshihara M. Feasibility of thoracoscopic pulmonary bullectomy using a transareolar approach for treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. J Thorac Dis. 2020;12:5794-801.
19. Fu H, Jin D, Wei Y. Thoracoscopic treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax without a drainage tube in male patients. J Int Med Res. 2023;51:3000605231154394.
20. Mao Z, Dong P, Zhou Q, Zhang S. Periareolar approach in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for right middle lobectomy: a novel technique. Surg Endosc. 2024;38:5457-63.
21. Yang Z, Chen M, Wu J, et al. Comparison of subcutaneous tunnel-assisted periareolar incision versus conventional uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary nodules: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2025;51:110353.
22. Chen J, Lin J, Tu Y, Lin M, Li X, Lai F. Nonintubated transareolar endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy with a flexible endoscope: experience of 58 cases. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;22:12-9.
23. Xu K, Bian W, Xie H, Ma H, Ni B. Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection: novel approaches in different genders. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016;23:202-7.
24. Lin J, Yin Y, Zhuo Y, Li X, Lai F. Transareolar uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of male patients with peripheral pulmonary nodules: a novel technique in thoracic surgery. Updates Surg. 2021;73:1541-8.
25. Liu Y, Dong P, Zhang S, Geng Q, Mao Z. Transareolar video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in females: a novel incision for pulmonary ground glass nodule resection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2024;34:490-6.
26. Zheng B, Tian D, Mao Z. Expert consensus on periareolar concealed uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection. Chin J Clin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2025;32:731-7. (in Chinese).
27. Igai H, Kamiyoshihara M, Furusawa S, Ohsawa F, Yazawa T, Matsuura N. A prospective comparative study of thoracoscopic transareolar and uniportal approaches for young male patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;69:1414-20.
28. Yang K, Li K, Guo C, et al. Analysis of the safety and feasibility of subcutaneous areolar tunnel single-port thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Updates Surg. 2026.
29. Lima SO, Abuawad YG, Santos PS, Pinto Neto AF, de Santana VR, Reis FP. Infraareolar access for thoracoscopic sympathectomy to treat primary hyperhidrosis. Surg Today. 2013;43:221-4.
30. Chen J, Du Q, Lin M, et al. Transareolar single-port needlescopic thoracic sympathectomy under intravenous anesthesia without intubation: a randomized controlled trial. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2016;26:958-64.
31. Lin JB, Kang MQ, Chen JF, et al. Transareolar single-port endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy with a flexible endoscope for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8:1659.
32. Yotsukura M, Asamura H, Motoi N, et al. Long-term prognosis of patients with resected adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Oncol. 2021;16:1312-20.
33. Batchelor TJP, Rasburn NJ, Abdelnour-Berchtold E, et al. Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;55:91-115.
34. Merlo A, Carlson R, Espey J 3rd, et al. Postoperative symptom burden in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022;64:254-67.
35. Zhang Z, Yu X, Peng X, Fang J. Single-port thoracoscopic surgery via areola approach for lung cancer: feasibility, safety, and initial experience with a novel technique. ANZ J Surg. 2025;95:2367-72.
36. Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Yu X, Fang J. Uniportal transareolar video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery bronchovascular sleeve lobectomy for central squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. JTCVS Tech. 2026;38:102403.
37. Zheng J, Wang C, Zhang D, Tay Y, Li S. Simultaneous bilateral nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via transareolar approach for multiple pulmonary nodules. JTCVS Tech. 2026;36:102275.
38. Innocenti A, Ciancio F, Melita D, et al. Periareolar access for pectus excavatum correction with silicone implants: a new method to minimize postoperative scars-review of the literature, considerations and statistical analysis of clinical outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2017;41:878-86.
39. Pérez D, Cano JR, Quevedo S, López L. New minimally invasive technique for correction of pectus carinatum. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;39:271-3.
40. Lin J, Lin N, Li X, Lai F. Transareolar uniportal thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for patients with myasthenia gravis. Front Surg. 2022;9:914677.
41. Sun J, Liu C, Mu D, et al. Chinese women’s preferences and concerns regarding incision location for breast augmentation surgery: a survey of 216 patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2015;39:214-26.
42. Holbek BL, Huang L, Christensen TD, et al. Efficacy of avoiding chest drains after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e080573.
43. Dai W, Wang Y, Liao J, et al. Electronic patient-reported outcome-based symptom management versus usual care after lung cancer surgery: long-term results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42:2126-31.
44. Li X, Zhang S, Luo X, et al. Accuracy and efficiency of an artificial intelligence-based pulmonary broncho-vascular three-dimensional reconstruction system supporting thoracic surgery: retrospective and prospective validation study. EBioMedicine. 2023;87:104422.
45. Chen X, Dai C, Peng M, et al. Artificial intelligence driven 3D reconstruction for enhanced lung surgery planning. Nat Commun. 2025;16:4086.
46. He H, Yu C, Yang Y, Maessen JG, Sardari Nia P. Three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual simulation of patient-specific anatomy for procedural planning in thoracoscopic segmentectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;67:ezaf283.
47. Liang H, Yan Z, Zhang Y, et al. LungSurg: a generative AI system for segmentation and phase classification in thoracoscopic lobectomy. MedComm. 2026;7:e70613.
48. Wang W, Zhang S, Dong P, Mao Z. Initial experience with a novel 2-mm needle-type intracorporeal assembly forceps for periareolar video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2025;39:7814-21.
49. Niu Z, Cao Y, Du M, et al. Robotic-assisted versus video-assisted lobectomy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: the RVlob randomized controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;74:102707.
50. Li C, Chen X, Wang X, et al. Single-port robotic-assisted approach in thoracic surgery: a prospective real-world study. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2025;40:ivaf161.
