REFERENCES
1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229-63.
2. Leong T, Smithers BM, Haustermans K, et al. TOPGEAR: a randomized, phase III trial of perioperative ECF chemotherapy with or without preoperative chemoradiation for resectable gastric cancer: interim results from an international, intergroup trial of the AGITG, TROG, EORTC and CCTG. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24:2252-8.
3. Cats A, Jansen EPM, van Grieken NCT, et al.; CRITICS investigators. Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy after surgery and preoperative chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer (CRITICS): an international, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:616-28.
4. Cui S, Liang H, Li Y, et al.; Chinese Peritoneal Oncology Study Group. PILGRIM: phase III clinical trial in evaluating the role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (HIPEC-01). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:4538.
5. Kim YW, Min JS, Yoon HM, et al. Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery for stomach preservation in patients with early gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:2342-51.
6. Al-Batran S, Lorenzen S, Riera J, et al. Effect of chemotherapy/targeted therapy alone vs. chemotherapy/targeted therapy followed by radical surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with limited-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction: the IKF-575/RENAISSANCE phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42:LBA4001.
7. NCCN. Gastric Cancer. 2025 Available from: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1434. [Last accessed on 27 May 2026].
8. Waller GC, Khan TM, Correa-Gallego C. Minimally invasive gastrectomy. Surg Clin North Am. 2025;105:15-30.
9. Hashizume M, Shimada M, Tomikawa M, et al. Early experiences of endoscopic procedures in general surgery assisted by a computer-enhanced surgical system. Surg Endosc. 2002;16:1187-91.
10. Solaini L, Avanzolini A, Pacilio CA, Cucchetti A, Cavaliere D, Ercolani G. Robotic surgery for gastric cancer in the west: a systematic review and meta-analyses of short-and long-term outcomes. Int J Surg. 2020;83:170-5.
11. Perez Holguin RA, Stahl KA, Hendriksen BS, et al. Predictors of conversion during minimally invasive gastrectomy for malignancy. J Surg Res. 2022;279:275-84.
12. Chen C, Lim T, Yang A, et al. Risk of open conversion during robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: optimizing patient selection. J Surg Oncol. 2025;132:503-13.
13. Ojima T, Nakamura M, Hayata K, et al. Short-term outcomes of robotic gastrectomy vs laparoscopic gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2021;156:954-63.
14. Ribeiro U Jr, Dias AR, Ramos MFKP, et al. Short-term surgical outcomes of robotic gastrectomy compared to open gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer: a randomized trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2022;26:2477-85.
15. Nakauchi M, Vos E, Janjigian YY, et al. Comparison of long- and short-term outcomes in 845 open and minimally invasive gastrectomies for gastric cancer in the United States. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28:3532-44.
16. Trastulli S, Desiderio J, Lin JX, et al. Open vs robotic gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis on 1469 patients from the IMIGASTRIC prospective database. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023;408:302.
17. Manara M, Aiolfi A, Bonitta G, et al. Short-term outcomes analysis comparing open, lap-assisted, totally laparoscopic, and robotic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a network meta-analysis. Cancers. 2024;16:3404.
18. Bates KR, Jones W, Liggett MR, Zaza NN, Vitello DJ, Bentrem DJ. Complications following open versus minimally invasive resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2025;131:1302-12.
19. Garsot E, Sentí S, Salvador H, et al.; the Spanish EURECCA Esophagogastric Cancer Group. Outcomes of minimally invasive versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer surgery with curative intent: a population-based cohort study. Ann Surg. 2025;282:800-9.
20. Liao G, Chen J, Ren C, et al. Robotic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e81946.
21. Hirata Y, Chiang YJ, Mansfield P, Badgwell BD, Ikoma N. Trends of oncological quality of robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the United States. World J Oncol. 2023;14:371-81.
22. Hur H, Lee YJ, Kim YW, et al. Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery for stomach preservation in patients with early gastric cancer: 5-year results of the SENORITA trial. Ann Surg. 2025;281:296-303.
23. Tobias-Machado M, Mitre AI, Rubinstein M, Costa EF, Hidaka AK. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy learning curve for experienced laparoscopic surgeons: does it really exist? Int Braz J Urol. 2016;42:83-9.





