fig2

Figure 2. Overview of the technique for overlaying the 3D model and the surgical view in AR. No direct patient identifiers are included in this image. AI: Artificial intelligence; CNN: convolutional neural network; ICP: iterative closest point; CPD: coherent point cloud; SfM: structure from motion; SGBM: semi-global block matching; Mask R-CNN: Mask Region-based CNN; FEM: finite element method; 3D: Three-dimensional; AR: augmented reality.