REFERENCES
1. Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation. , American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines., Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:e44-122.
2. Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2019;40:87-165.
3. Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;360:961-72.
4. Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, et al. STICH Investigators. Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1607-16.
5. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, et al. FREEDOM Trial Investigators. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2375-84.
6. Melina G, Angeloni E, Refice S, et al. Residual SYNTAX score following coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017;51:547-53.
7. Farooq V, Serruys PW, Bourantas CV, et al. Quantification of incomplete revascularization and its association with five-year mortality in the synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) trial validation of the residual SYNTAX score. Circulation 2013;128:141-51.
8. Généreux P, Palmerini T, Caixeta A, et al. Quantification and impact of untreated coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: the residual SYNTAX (Synergy Between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2165-74.
9. Kahn JK. Angiographic suitability for catheter revascularization of total coronary occlusions in patients from a community hospital setting. Amer Heart J 1993;126:561-4.
10. Stone GW, Kandzari DE, Mehran R, et al. Percutaneous recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries: a consensus document: part I. Circulation 2005;112:2364-72.
11. Gaba P, Gersh BJ, Ali ZA, Moses JW, Stone GW. Complete versus incomplete coronary revascularization: definitions, assessment and outcomes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021;18:155-68.
12. Kleisli T, Cheng W, Jacobs MJ, et al. In the current era, complete revascularization improves survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;129:1283-91.
13. Delacrétaz E, Meier B. Therapeutic strategy with total coronary artery occlusions. Amer J Cardiol 1997;79:185-7.
14. Weintraub WS, Garratt KN. Should chronic total occlusion be treated with coronary artery bypass grafting? Circulation 2016;133:1818-25.
15. Farooq V, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. The negative impact of incomplete angiographic revascularization on clinical outcomes and its association with total occlusions: the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:282-94.
16. Lin S, Rao C, Yang L, et al. Impact of coronary total occlusion on graft failure and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022;163:1349-1357.e5.
17. Wijeysundera HC, Norris C, Fefer P, et al. Relationship between initial treatment strategy and quality of life in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions. EuroIntervention 2014;9:1165-72.
18. Xenogiannis I, Nikolakopoulos I, Krestyaninov O, et al. Impact of successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions on subsequent clinical outcomes. J Invasive Cardiol 2020;32:433-9.
19. Michael TT, Karmpaliotis D, Brilakis ES, et al. Procedural outcomes of revascularization of chronic total occlusion of native coronary arteries (from a multicenter United States registry). Am J Cardiol 2013;112:488-92.
20. Sapontis J, Salisbury AC, Yeh RW, et al. Early procedural and health status outcomes after chronic total occlusion angioplasty: a report from the OPEN-CTO registry (Outcomes, Patient Health Status, and Efficiency in Chronic Total Occlusion Hybrid Procedures). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:1523-34.
21. Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, et al. Predicting periprocedural complications in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: the PROGRESS-CTO complication scores. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022;15:1413-22.
22. Escaned J, Collet C, Ryan N, et al. Clinical outcomes of state-of-the-art percutaneous coronary revascularization in patients with de novo three vessel disease: 1-year results of the SYNTAX II study. Eur Heart J 2017;38:3124-34.
23. Obedinskiy AA, Kretov EI, Boukhris M, et al. The IMPACTOR-CTO trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018;11:1309-11.
24. Werner GS, Martin-Yuste V, Hildick-Smith D, et al. EUROCTO trial investigators. A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J 2018;39:2484-93.
25. Henriques JP, Hoebers LP, Råmunddal T, et al. EXPLORE Trial Investigators. Percutaneous intervention for concurrent chronic total occlusions in patients with STEMI: the EXPLORE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:1622-32.
26. Lee SW, Lee PH, Ahn JM, et al. Randomized trial evaluating percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of chronic total occlusion. Circulation 2019;139:1674-83.
27. Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:2158-70.
28. Megaly M, Saad M, Tajti P, et al. Meta-analysis of the impact of successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention on left ventricular systolic function and reverse remodeling. J Interv Cardiol 2018;31:562-71.
29. Goel PK, Khanna R, Pandey CM, Ashfaq F. Long-term outcomes post chronic total occlusion intervention-implications of completeness of revascularization. J Interv Cardiol 2018;31:293-301.
30. Gong X, Zhou L, Ding X, Chen H, Li H. The impact of successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention on long-term clinical outcomes in real world. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021;21:182.
31. Azzalini L, Torregrossa G, Puskas JD, et al. Percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusions: Rationale, indications, techniques, and the cardiac surgeon's point of view. Int J Cardiol 2017;231:90-6.
32. Shen L, Hu S, Wang H, et al. One-stop hybrid coronary revascularization versus coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease: 3-year follow-up results from a single institution. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2525-33.
33. Puskas JD, Halkos ME, DeRose JJ, et al. Hybrid coronary revascularization for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease: a multicenter observational study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:356-65.
34. Loulmet D, Carpentier A, d'Attellis N, et al. Endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting with the aid of robotic assisted instruments. J Thorac Cardiov Surg 1999;118:4-10.
35. McGinn JT Jr, Usman S, Lapierre H, Pothula VR, Mesana TG, Ruel M. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: dual-center experience in 450 consecutive patients. Circulation 2009;120:S78-84.
36. Davierwala PM, Verevkin A, Bergien L, et al. Twenty-year outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery: the Leipzig experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ;2021:S0022-5223(21)00343.
37. Raza S, Blackstone EH, Bakaeen FG, et al. Long-term patency of individual segments of different internal thoracic artery graft configurations. Ann Thorac Surg 2019;107:740-6.
38. Raza S, Blackstone EH, Houghtaling PL, et al. Influence of diabetes on long-term coronary artery bypass graft patency. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:515-24.
39. Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation. , American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines., American Association for Thoracic Surgery., Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists., Society of Thoracic Surgeons. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American association for thoracic surgery, society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists, and society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:e123-210.
40. Widimsky P, Straka Z, Stros P, et al. One-year coronary bypass graft patency: a randomized comparison between off-pump and on-pump surgery angiographic results of the PRAGUE-4 trial. Circulation 2004;110:3418-23.
41. Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, et al. VA Cooperative Study Group #207/297/364. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:2149-56.
42. Kosmidou I, Leon MB, Zhang Y, et al. Long-term outcomes in women and men following percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;75:1631-40.
43. Kandzari DE, Koolen JJ, Doros G, et al. BIOFLOW V Investigators. Ultrathin bioresorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus thin durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents for coronary revascularization: 3-year outcomes from the randomized BIOFLOW V trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020;13:1343-53.
44. Kitahara H, Hirai T, McCrorey M, et al. Hybrid coronary revascularization: Midterm outcomes of robotic multivessel bypass and percutaneous interventions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;157:1829-36.e1.
45. Hirai T, Kitahara H, Balkhy HH, Blair JEA. Advanced Hybrid Complete Revascularization with TECAB and Impella-Assisted PCI of CTO. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2019;20:51-4.
46. Byrne JG, Leacche M, Unic D, et al. Staged initial percutaneous coronary intervention followed by valve surgery (“hybrid approach”) for patients with complex coronary and valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:14-8.
47. Young MN, Kolte D, Cadigan ME, et al. Multidisciplinary heart team approach for complex coronary artery disease: single center clinical presentation. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9:e014738.
48. Xenogiannis I, Gkargkoulas F, Karmpaliotis D, Alaswad K, Jaffer FA, Yeh RW, Patel M, Mahmud E, Choi JW, Burke MN, et al. Temporal trends in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry. J Invasive Cardiol 2020; 32:153-160.
