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fig3

From:  Analysis of measures against mechanical complications in circumferential minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity
Analysis of measures against mechanical complications in circumferential minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity

Figure 3. Implant-related parameters. RKA: Rod kyphotic angle in the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV)-L1; PSA: pedicle screw angle (angle between the pedicle screw and cranial endplate in the UIV); LPS: length of the UIV pedicle screw; UIV: upper instrumented vertebra.

Mini-invasive Surgery
ISSN 2574-1225 (Online)
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