fig1

Figure 1. Extrahepatic isolation of the segmental Glissonian pedicles (A to D-1) and exposure of the landmark hepatic veins (A to D-2) during IA-Seg (Sg1, Sg2, Sg3, Sg4). (A) Open isolated caudate lobectomy; (B) laparoscopic segmentectomy 2; (C) robotic segmentectomy 3; (D) laparoscopic segmentectomy 4. G-ant and G-post: Glissonian pedicles of the anterior and posterior sections, respectively; G-UP: left Glissonian pedicle at the root of the umbilical portion of the portal vein; GB: gallgladder; IVC: inferior vena cava; LHV: left hepatic vein; MHV: middle hepatic vein; UFV: umbilical fissure vein.