REFERENCES
1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209-49.
2. Chiu HM, Jen GH, Wang YW, et al. Long-term effectiveness of faecal immunochemical test screening for proximal and distal colorectal cancers. Gut 2021;70:2321-9.
3. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Colonoscopic Polypectomy. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1977-81.
4. Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O’Brien MJ, et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths. N Engl J Med 2012;366:687-96.
5. Gupta S, Lieberman D, Anderson JC, et al. Recommendations for follow-up after colonoscopy and polypectomy: a consensus update by the us multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2020;91:463-485.e5.
6. Rutter MD, East J, Rees CJ, et al. British society of gastroenterology/association of coloproctology of great Britain and Ireland/public health England post-polypectomy and post-colorectal cancer resection surveillance guidelines. Gut 2020;69:201-23.
7. Hassan C, Antonelli G, Dumonceau JM, et al. Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: european society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2020. Endoscopy 2020;52:687-700.
8. Sonnenberg A, Amorosi SL, Lacey MJ, Lieberman DA. Patterns of endoscopy in the United States: analysis of data from the centers for medicare and medicaid services and the national endoscopic database. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:489-96.
9. Harewood G. Colonoscopy practice patterns since introduction of medicare coverage for average-risk screening. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004;2:72-7.
10. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev 2015;4:1.
11. Higgins J, Thomas J. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Available from: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2022].
12. Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Mandelblatt J. Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:96-104.
13. Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Knudsen AB, Brenner H. Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening. Epidemiol Rev 2011;33:88-100.
14. Quintero E, Castells A, Bujanda L, et al. COLONPREV Study Investigators. Colonoscopy versus fecal immunochemical testing in colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med 2012;366:697-706.
15. Telford JJ, Levy AR, Sambrook JC, Zou D, Enns RA. The cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer. CMAJ 2010;182:1307-13.
16. Knudsen AB, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Rutter CM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of computed tomographic colonography screening for colorectal cancer in the medicare population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:1238-52.
17. Hassan C, Benamouzig R, Spada C, et al. Cost effectiveness and projected national impact of colorectal cancer screening in France. Endoscopy 2011;43:780-93.
18. Dan YY, Chuah BY, Koh DC, Yeoh KG. Screening based on risk for colorectal cancer is the most cost-effective approach. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:266-71.e1.
19. Dinh T, Ladabaum U, Alperin P, Caldwell C, Smith R, Levin TR. Health benefits and cost-effectiveness of a hybrid screening strategy for colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:1158-66.
20. Sharaf RN, Ladabaum U. Comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening colonoscopy vs. sigmoidoscopy and alternative strategies. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:120-32.
21. Ladabaum U, Alvarez-Osorio L, Rösch T, Brueggenjuergen B. Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in Germany: current endoscopic and fecal testing strategies versus plasma methylated Septin 9 DNA. Endosc Int Open 2014;2:E96-E104.
22. Wong CK, Lam CL, Wan YF, Fong DY. Cost-effectiveness simulation and analysis of colorectal cancer screening in Hong Kong Chinese population: comparison amongst colonoscopy, guaiac and immunologic fecal occult blood testing. BMC Cancer 2015;15:705.
23. Sekiguchi M, Igarashi A, Matsuda T, et al. Optimal use of colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test for population-based colorectal cancer screening: a cost-effectiveness analysis using Japanese data. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016;46:116-25.
24. Ladabaum U, Mannalithara A. Comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a multitarget stool DNA test to screen for colorectal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2016;151:427-439.e6.
25. Barzi A, Lenz HJ, Quinn DI, Sadeghi S. Comparative effectiveness of screening strategies for colorectal cancer. Cancer 2017;123:1516-27.
26. Peterse EFP, Meester RGS, de Jonge L, et al. Comparing the cost-effectiveness of innovative colorectal cancer screening tests. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021;113:154-61.
27. Smith A, Young GP, Cole SR, Bampton P. Comparison of a brush-sampling fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin with a sensitive guaiac-based fecal occult blood test in detection of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer 2006;107:2152-9.
28. Jaklevic MC. Pandemic spotlights in-home colon cancer screening tests. JAMA 2020; doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22466.
29. Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH, et al. Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1287-97.
30. Neri E, Faggioni L, Cerri F, et al. CT colonography versus double-contrast barium enema for screening of colorectal cancer: comparison of radiation burden. Abdom Imaging 2010;35:596-601.
31. Hirofuji Y, Aoyama T, Koyama S, Kawaura C, Fujii K. Evaluation of patient dose for barium enemas and CT colonography in Japan. Br J Radiol 2009;82:219-27.
32. Rex DK, Schoenfeld PS, Cohen J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2015;81:31-53.
33. Kaminski MF, Regula J, Kraszewska E, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1795-803.
34. Corley DA, Jensen CD, Marks AR, et al. Adenoma detection rate and risk of colorectal cancer and death. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1298-306.
35. Hassan C, Rex DK, Zullo A, Kaminski MF. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of screening colonoscopy according to the adenoma detection rate. United European Gastroenterol J 2015;3:200-7.
36. Greuter MJ, Berkhof J, Fijneman RJ, et al. The potential of imaging techniques as a screening tool for colorectal cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Br J Radiol 2016;89:20150910.
37. Aronsson M, Carlsson P, Levin LÅ, Hager J, Hultcrantz R. Cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity faecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2017;104:1078-86.
38. Hassan C, Pickhardt PJ, Rex DK. A resect and discard strategy would improve cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:865-9, 869.e1.
39. Lieberman D, Moravec M, Holub J, Michaels L, Eisen G. Polyp size and advanced histology in patients undergoing colonoscopy screening: implications for CT colonography. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1100-5.
40. Gupta N, Bansal A, Rao D, et al. Prevalence of advanced histological features in diminutive and small colon polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:1022-30.
41. Dayyeh BK, Thosani N, Konda V, et al; ASGE Technology Committee. ASGE technology committee systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the ASGE PIVI thresholds for adopting real-time endoscopic assessment of the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 2015;81:502.e1-502.e16.
42. Patel SG, Schoenfeld P, Kim HM, et al. Real-time characterization of diminutive colorectal polyp histology using narrow-band imaging: implications for the resect and discard strategy. Gastroenterology 2016;150:406-18.
43. Hsu WF, Cheng SY, Shun CT, et al. Higher risk of advanced histology in adenoma less than 10 mm in fecal immunochemical test screening: Implication for management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:1738-45.
44. Kudo S. Endoscopic mucosal resection of flat and depressed types of early colorectal cancer. Endoscopy 1993;25:455-61.
45. Kudo SE, Takemura O, Ohtsuka K. Flat and depressed types of early colorectal cancers: from East to West. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2008;18:581-93, xi.
46. Tanaka S, Oka S, Kaneko I, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasia: possibility of standardization. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:100-7.
47. Brooker JC, Saunders BP, Shah SG, Thapar CJ, Suzuki N, Williams CB. Treatment with argon plasma coagulation reduces recurrence after piecemeal resection of large sessile colonic polyps: a randomized trial and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:371-5.
48. Conio M, Repici A, Demarquay J, Blanchi S, Dumas R, Filiberti R. EMR of large sessile colorectal polyps. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2004;60:234-41.
49. Horiki N, Omata F, Uemura M, et al. Risk for local recurrence of early gastric cancer treated with piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection during a 10-year follow-up period. Surg Endosc 2012;26:72-8.
50. Yamada M, Saito Y, Sakamoto T, et al. Endoscopic predictors of deep submucosal invasion in colorectal laterally spreading tumors. Endoscopy 2016;48:456-64.
51. Gotoda T, Kondo H, Ono H, et al. A new endoscopic mucosal resection procedure using an insulation-tipped electrosurgical knife for rectal flat lesions: report of two cases. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1999;50:560-3.
52. Bahin FF, Heitman SJ, Rasouli KN, et al. Wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for laterally spreading colorectal lesions: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Gut 2018;67:1965-73.
53. Bogie RMM, Veldman MHJ, Snijders LARS, et al. Endoscopic subtypes of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and the risk of submucosal invasion: a meta-analysis. Endoscopy 2018;50:263-82.
54. Sekiguchi M, Igarashi A, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of endoscopic resection for colorectal laterally spreading tumors: Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection. Dig Endosc 2022;34:553-68.
55. Arguedas MR, Heudebert GR, Wilcox CM. Surveillance colonoscopy or chemoprevention with COX-2 inhibitors in average-risk post-polypectomy patients: a decision analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:631-8.
56. Shaukat A, Parekh M, Lipscomb J, Ladabaum U. Can calcium chemoprevention of adenoma recurrence substitute or serve as an adjunct for colonoscopic surveillance? Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2009;25:222-31.
57. Hassan C, Pickhardt PJ, Di Giulio E, Kim DH, Zullo A, Morini S. Cost-effectiveness of early one-year colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52:964-71; discussion 971.
58. Saini SD, Schoenfeld P, Vijan S. Surveillance colonoscopy is cost-effective for patients with adenomas who are at high risk of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2292-9, 2299.e1.
59. Meester RGS, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Knudsen AB, Ladabaum U. High-intensity versus low-intensity surveillance for patients with colorectal adenomas: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2019;171:612-22.
60. Cross AJ, Wooldrage K, Robbins EC, et al. Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) versus colonoscopy for surveillance after screening and polypectomy: a diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness study. Gut 2019;68:1642-52.
61. Peng SM, Hsu WF, Wang YW, et al. Faecal immunochemical test after negative colonoscopy may reduce the risk of incident colorectal cancer in a population-based screening programme. Gut 2021;70:1318-24.
62. Liedlgruber M, Uhl A. Computer-aided decision support systems for endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract: a review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2011;4:73-88.
63. Misawa M, Kudo SE, Mori Y, et al. Current status and future perspective on artificial intelligence for lower endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2021;33:273-84.
64. Mori Y, Kudo SE, East JE, et al. Cost savings in colonoscopy with artificial intelligence-aided polyp diagnosis: an add-on analysis of a clinical trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2020;92:905-911.e1.
65. Vuik FE, Nieuwenburg SA, Bardou M, et al. Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years. Gut 2019;68:1820-6.
66. Howren A, Sayre EC, Loree JM, et al. Trends in the incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer with a focus on years approaching screening age: a population-based longitudinal study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021;113:863-8.
67. Knudsen AB, Rutter CM, Peterse EFP, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: an updated modeling study for the us preventive services task force. JAMA 2021;325:1998-2011.
68. Kuipers EJ, Spaander MC. Personalized screening for colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;15:391-2.
69. Cenin DR, Naber SK, de Weerdt AC, et al. Cost-effectiveness of personalized screening for colorectal cancer based on polygenic risk and family history. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29:10-21.
70. Sekiguchi M, Igarashi A, Sakamoto T, Saito Y, Esaki M, Matsuda T. Cost-effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening using colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, and risk score. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:1555-61.
71. Naber SK, Kundu S, Kuntz KM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of risk-stratified colorectal cancer screening based on polygenic risk: current status and future potential. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020;4:pkz086.
72. Schmidt A, Beyna T, Schumacher B, et al. Colonoscopic full-thickness resection using an over-the-scope device: a prospective multicentre study in various indications. Gut 2018;67:1280-9.