fig3
From: Deep learning-driven catheter tracking from bi-plane X-ray fluoroscopy of 3D printed heart phantoms

Figure 3. Illustration of sequential steps to co-register bi-plane fluoroscopic images (AP, LAO 55) utilizing four fiduciary radiopaque markers. (A) Raw fluoroscopic bi-plane images. (B) Radiopaque marker detection using OpenCV library. (C) Identify 2D coordinates of fiducial markers. (D) Co-registration algorithms to calculate the affine transformation matrix to combine all points into a single coordinate system.