REFERENCES
1. Kim CW. Scientific basis of minimally invasive spine surgery: prevention of multifidus muscle injury during posterior lumbar surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010;35:S281-6.
2. Hsu HT, Chang SJ, Yang SS, Chai CL. Learning curve of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Eur Spine J 2013;22:727-33.
3. Morgenstern R, Morgenstern C, Yeung AT. The learning curve in foraminal endoscopic discectomy: experience needed to achieve a 90% success rate. SAS J 2007;1:100-7.
4. Hahn BS, Park JY. Incorporating new technologies to overcome the limitations of endoscopic spine surgery: navigation, robotics, and visualization. World Neurosurg 2021;145:712-21.
5. Lee SH, Uk Kang B, Ahn Y, et al. Operative failure of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a radiologic analysis of 55 cases. Spine 2006;31:E285-90.
6. Liounakos JI, Basil GW, Urakawa H, Wang MY. Intraoperative image guidance for endoscopic spine surgery. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:92.
7. Ahn Y. Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: technical tips to prevent complications. Expert Rev Med Devices 2012;9:361-6.
8. Fan G, Guan X, Zhang H, et al. Significant improvement of puncture accuracy and fluoroscopy reduction in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with novel lumbar location system: preliminary report of prospective hello study. Medicine 2015;94:e2189.
9. Ahn Y, Kim CH, Lee JH, Lee SH, Kim JS. Radiation exposure to the surgeon during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a prospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013;38:617-25.
10. Feng W, Wang W, Chen S, Wu K, Wang H. O-arm navigation versus C-arm guidance for pedicle screw placement in spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop 2020;44:919-26.
11. Vaishnav AS, Merrill RK, Sandhu H, et al. A Review of Techniques, time demand, radiation exposure, and outcomes of skin-anchored Intraoperative 3D navigation in minimally invasive lumbar spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020;45:E465-76.
12. Fan G, Wang C, Gu X, Zhang H, He S. Trajectory planning and guided punctures with isocentric navigation in posterolateral endoscopic lumbar discectomy. World Neurosurg 2017;103:899-905.e4.
13. Shin Y, Sunada H, Shiraishi Y, et al. Navigation-assisted full-endoscopic spine surgery: a technical note. J Spine Surg 2020;6:513-20.
14. Ao S, Wu J, Tang Y, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy assisted by O-arm-based navigation improves the learning curve. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:6509409.
15. Zhang C, Wu J, Xu C, et al. Minimally invasive full-endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy assisted by o-arm-based navigation. Pain Physician 2018;21:E215-23.
16. Nojiri H, Miyagawa K, Yamaguchi H, et al. Intraoperative ultrasound visualization of paravertebral anatomy in the retroperitoneal space during lateral lumbar spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 2019;31:334-7.
17. Nishimura Y, Thani NB, Tochigi S, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ. Thoracic discectomy by posterior pedicle-sparing, transfacet approach with real-time intraoperative ultrasonography: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine 2014;21:568-76.
18. Vasudeva VS, Abd-El-Barr M, Pompeu YA, Karhade A, Groff MW, Lu Y. Use of intraoperative ultrasound during spinal surgery. Global Spine J 2017;7:648-56.
19. Gofeld M, Bristow SJ, Chiu SC, McQueen CK, Bollag L. Ultrasound-guided lumbar transforaminal injections: feasibility and validation study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012;37:808-12.
20. Zhang M, Yan L, Li S, Li Y, Huang P. Ultrasound-guided transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a new guidance method that reduces radiation doses. Eur Spine J 2019;28:2543-50.
21. Lin Y, Rao S, Chen B, et al. Electromagnetic navigation-assisted percutaneous endoscopic foraminoplasty and discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: technical note and preliminary results. Ann Palliat Med 2020;9:3923-31.
22. Zhao Y, Bo X, Wang C, et al. Guided punctures with ultrasound volume navigation in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a technical note. World Neurosurg 2018;119:77-84.
23. Wang C. Volume navigation with fusion of realtime ultrasound and CT images to guide posterolateral transforaminal puncture in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Pain Physician 2018;1:E265-77.
24. Liu X, Sun J, Zheng M, Cui X. Application of mixed reality using optical see-through head-mounted displays in transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:9717184.
25. Joseph JR, Smith BW, Liu X, Park P. Current applications of robotics in spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus 2017;42:E2.
26. Ghasem A, Sharma A, Greif DN, Alam M, Maaieh MA. The arrival of robotics in spine surgery: a review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018;43:1670-7.
27. Khan A, Meyers JE, Siasios I, Pollina J. Next-generation robotic spine surgery: first report on feasibility, safety, and learning curve. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;17:61-9.
28. Rasouli JJ, Shao J, Neifert S, et al. Artificial intelligence and robotics in spine surgery. Global Spine J 2021;11:556-64.
29. Overley SC, Cho SK, Mehta AI, Arnold PM. Navigation and robotics in spinal surgery: where are we now? Neurosurgery 2017;80:S86-99.
30. Kochanski RB, Lombardi JM, Laratta JL, Lehman RA, O’Toole JE. Image-guided navigation and robotics in spine surgery. Neurosurgery 2019;84:1179-89.
31. Liounakos JI, Wang MY. Lumbar 3-lumbar 5 robotic-assisted endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020;19:E73-4.
32. Kolcun JPG, Wang MY. Endoscopic treatment of thoracic discitis with robotic access: a case report merging two cutting-edge technologies. World Neurosurg 2019;126:418-22.
33. Jin M, Lei L, Li F, Zheng B. Does robot navigation and intraoperative computed tomography guidance help with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy? World Neurosurg 2021;147:e459-67.
