REFERENCES
1. Joaquim AF, Almeida JP, Dos Santos MJ, et al. Surgical management of intradural extramedullary tumors located anteriorly to the spinal cord. J Clin Neurosci 2012;19:1150-3.
2. Maiuri F, De Caro ML, de Divitiis O, Vergara P, Mariniello G. Spinal meningiomas: age-related features. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011;113:34-8.
3. Saraceni C, Harrop JS. Spinal meningioma: chronicles of contemporary neurosurgical diagnosis and management. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009;111:221-6.
4. Klekamp J, Samii M. Surgery of Spinal Tumors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.
5. Voldřich R, Netuka D, Beneš V. Spinal meningiomas: is Simpson grade II resection radical enough? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020;162:1401-8.
6. Setzer M, Vatter H, Marquardt G, Seifert V, Vrionis FD. Management of spinal meningiomas: surgical results and a review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus 2007;23:E14.
7. Hohenberger C, Gugg C, Schmidt NO, Zeman F, Schebesch KM. Functional outcome after surgical treatment of spinal meningioma. J Clin Neurosci 2020;11:62-6.
8. Dhandapani S, Karthigeyan M. “Microendoscopic” versus “pure endoscopic” surgery for spinal intradural mass lesions: a comparative study and review. Spine J 2018;18:1592-602.
9. Parihar VS, Yadav N, Yadav YR, et al. Endoscopic management of spinal intradural extramedullary tumors. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2017;78:219-26.
10. Lakomkin N, Mistry AM, Zuckerman SL, et al. Utility of Intraoperative Monitoring in the Resection of Spinal Cord Tumors: An Analysis by Tumor Location and Anatomical Region. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018;43:287-94.
11. Yasargil MG, Krayenbuhl H. The use of the binocular microscope in neurosurgery. Bibl Ophthalmol 1970;81:62-5.
12. Caspar W. A new surgical procedure for lumbar disc herniation causing less tissue damage through a microsurgical approach. In: Wüllenweber R, Brock M, Hamer J, Klinger M, Spoerri O, editors. Lumbar Disc Adult Hydrocephalus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1977.
13. Yasargil MG. Microneurosurgery: in 4 volumes. New York: Thieme Stratton; 1984.
14. Kriss TC, Kriss VM. History of the operating microscope: from magnifying glass to microneurosurgery. Neurosurgery 1998;42:899-907. discussion 907-8
15. Uluc K, Kujoth GC, Baskaya MK. Operating microscopes: past, present, and future. Neurosurg Focus 2009;27:E4.
17. Cavallo LM, Di Somma A, Solari D, et al. Preliminary experience with a new multidirectional videoendoscope for neuroendoscopic surgical procedures. PLoS One 2016;11:e0147524.
18. Cinalli G, Cappabianca P, de Falco R, et al. Current state and future development of intracranial neuroendoscopic surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2005;2:351-73.
19. Esposito F, Cappabianca P. Neuroendoscopy: general aspects and principles. World Neurosurg 2013;79:S14.e7-9.
20. Zada G, Liu C, Apuzzo ML. “Through the looking glass”: optical physics, issues, and the evolution of neuroendoscopy. World Neurosurg 2013;79:S3-13.
21. Cavallo LM, Somma T, Solari D, et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: history and evolution. World Neurosurg 2019;127:686-94.
22. Mamelak AN, Danielpour M, Black KL, Hagike M, Berci G. A high-definition exoscope system for neurosurgery and other microsurgical disciplines: preliminary report. Surg Innov 2008;15:38-46.
23. Mamelak AN, Nobuto T, Berci G. Initial clinical experience with a high-definition exoscope system for microneurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2010;67:476-83.
24. Mamelak AN, Drazin D, Shirzadi A, Black KL, Berci G. Infratentorial supracerebellar resection of a pineal tumor using a high definition video exoscope (VITOM(R)). J Clin Neurosci 2012;19:306-9.
25. Shirzadi A, Mukherjee D, Drazin DG, et al. Use of the video telescope operating monitor (VITOM) as an alternative to the operating microscope in spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012;37:E1517-23.
26. Piquer J, Llacer JL, Rovira V, et al. Fluorescence-guided surgery and biopsy in gliomas with an exoscope system. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:207974.
27. Parihar V, Yadav YR, Kher Y, et al. Learning neuroendoscopy with an exoscope system (video telescopic operating monitor): Early clinical results. Asian J Neurosurg 2016;11:421-6.
28. Fischer G, Oertel J, Perneczky A. Endoscopy in aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 2012;70:184-90. discussion 90-1
29. Carlucci C, Fasanella L, Ricci Maccarini A. Exolaryngoscopy: a new technique for laryngeal surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2012;32:326-8.
30. Divers SJ. Video telescope operating microscopy. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2015;18:571-8.
31. Frykman PK, Freedman AL, Kane TD, et al. A study of VITOM in pediatric surgery and urology: evaluation of technology acceptance and usability by operating team and surgeon musculoskeletal discomfort. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017;27:191-6.
32. Vercellino GF, Erdemoglu E, Kyeyamwa S, et al. Evaluation of the VITOM in digital high-definition video exocolposcopy. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2011;15:292-5.
33. Marzano E, Piardi T, Soler L, et al. Augmented reality-guided artery-first pancreatico-duodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:1980-3.
34. Moisi M, Tubbs RS, Page J, et al. Training medical novices in spinal microsurgery: does the modality matter? A pilot study comparing traditional microscopic surgery and a novel robotic optoelectronic visualization tool. Cureus 2016;8:e469.
35. Krishnan KG, Scholler K, Uhl E. Application of a compact high-definition exoscope for illumination and magnification in high-precision surgical procedures. World Neurosurg 2017;97:652-60.
36. Birch K, Drazin D, Black KL, et al. Clinical experience with a high definition exoscope system for surgery of pineal region lesions. J Clin Neurosci 2014;21:1245-9.
37. Nagatani K, Takeuchi S, Feng D, Mori K, Day JD. High-definition exoscope system for microneurosurgery: use of an exoscope in combination with tubular retraction and frameless neuronavigation for microsurgical resection of deep brain lesions. No Shinkei Geka 2015;43:611-7.
38. Belloch JP, Rovira V, Llacer JL, Riesgo PA, Cremades A. Fluorescence-guided surgery in high grade gliomas using an exoscope system. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014;156:653-60.
39. Oertel JM, Burkhardt BW. Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures. World Neurosurg 2017;105:153-62.
40. Rossini Z, Cardia A, Milani D, et al. VITOM 3D: preliminary experience in cranial surgery. World Neurosurg 2017;107:663-8.
41. de Divitiis O, D’avella E, Denaro L, et al. Vitom 3D: preliminary experience with intradural extramedullary spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Sci 2019; doi: 10.23736/S0390-5616.19.04666-6.
42. Angileri FF, Esposito F, Scibilia A, et al. Exoscope-guided (VITOM 3D) single-stage removal of supratentorial cavernous angioma and hemangioblastoma: 3-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;17:E164-5.
43. Beez T, Munoz-Bendix C, Beseoglu K, Steiger HJ, Ahmadi SA. First clinical applications of a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in pediatric neurosurgery. Cureus 2018;10:e2108.
44. Barbagallo GMV, Certo F. Three-dimensional, high-definition exoscopic anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a valid alternative to microscope-assisted surgery. World Neurosurg 2019;130:e244-50.
45. De Virgilio A, Costantino A, Ebm C, et al. High definition three-dimensional exoscope (VITOM 3D) for microsurgery training: a preliminary experience. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277:2589-95.
46. Nossek E, Schneider JR, Kwan K, et al. Technical aspects and operative nuances using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope for cerebral bypass surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;17:157-63.
47. Kwan K, Schneider JR, Du V, et al. Lessons learned using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope for spinal surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;16:619-25.
48. Khalessi AA, Rahme R, Rennert RC, et al. First-in-man clinical experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;16:717-25.
49. Sack J, Steinberg JA, Rennert RC, et al. Initial experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018;14:395-401.
50. de Divitiis O, Somma T, Sacco M, d’Avella E, Guizzardi G. VITOM®-3D in lumbar disc herniation: preliminary experience. Interdiscip Neurosurg 2019;18:100547.
51. Herlan S, Marquardt JS, Hirt B, Tatagiba M, Ebner FH. 3D exoscope system in neurosurgery-comparison of a standard operating microscope with a new 3D exoscope in the cadaver lab. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019;17:518-24.
52. Garneau JC, Laitman BM, Cosetti MK, Hadjipanayis C, Wanna G. The use of the exoscope in lateral skull base surgery: advantages and limitations. Otol Neurotol 2019;40:236-40.
53. Doglietto F, Belotti F, Panciani P, Poliani PL, Fontanella MM. High-definition 3-dimensional exoscope for 5-ALA glioma surgery: 3-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020;18:E82.
54. Hafez A, Elsharkawy A, Schwartz C, et al. Comparison of conventional microscopic and exoscopic experimental bypass anastomosis: a technical analysis. World Neurosurg 2020;135:e293-9.