REFERENCES
1. Bhangu A, Ali SM, Brown G, Nicholls RJ, Tekkis P. Indications and outcome of pelvic exenteration for locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer. Ann Surg 2014;259:315-22.
2. Georgiou PA, Tekkis PP, Brown G. Pelvic colorectal recurrence: crucial role of radiologists in oncologic and surgical treatment options. Cancer Imaging 2011;11:S103-11.
3. Georgiou PA, Tekkis PP, Constantinides VA, Patel U, Goldin RD, Darzi AW, John Nicholls R, Brown G. Diagnostic accuracy and value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in planning exenterative pelvic surgery for advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:72-81.
4. Georgiou P, Brown G, Constantinides V, Antoniou A, Nicholls R, Tekkis P. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in assessing tumor invasion within pelvic compartments in recurrent and locally advanced rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52:9.
5. Denost Q, Kontovounisios C, Rasheed S, Chevalier R, Brasio R, Capdepont M, Rullier E, Tekkis PP. Individualizing surgical treatment based on tumour response following neoadjuvant therapy in T4 primary rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017;43:92-9.
6. Smith JD, Nash GM, Weiser MR, Temple LK, Guillem JG, Paty PB. Multivisceral resections for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012;99:1137-43.
7. Beyond TME Collaborative. Consensus statement on the multidisciplinary management of patients with recurrent and primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes. Br J Surg 2013;100:1009-14.
8. Kim MJ, Chan Park S, Kim TH, Kim DY, Kim SY, Baek JY, Chang HJ, Park JW, Oh JH. Is lateral pelvic node dissection necessary after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer patients with initially suspected lateral pelvic node? Surgery 2016;160:366-76.
9. Kim MJ, Kim TH, Kim DY, Kim SY, Baek JY, Chang HJ, Park SC, Park JW, Oh JH. Can chemoradiation allow for omission of lateral pelvic node dissection for locally advanced rectal cancer? J Surg Oncol 2015;111:459-64.
10. Yang TX, Morris DL, Chua TC. Pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 2013;56:519-31.
11. Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AMH, Heath RM, Brown JM; MRC CLASICC Trial Group. Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1718-26.
12. Jeong SY, Park JW, Nam BH, Kim S, Kang SB, Lim SB, Choi HS, Kim DW, Chang HJ, Kim DY, Jung KH, Kim TY, Kang GH, Chie EK, Kim SY, Sohn DK, Kim DH, Kim JS, Lee HS, Kim JH, Oh JH. Open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid-rectal or low-rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (COREAN trial): survival outcomes of an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:767-74.
13. van der Pas MH, Haglind E, Cuesta MA, Fürst A, Lacy AM, Hop WC, Bonjer HJ; Colorectal Cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection II (COLOR II) Study Group. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer (COLOR II): short-term outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:210-8.
14. Rodríguez-Sanjuán JC, Gómez-Ruiz M, Trugeda-Carrera S, Manuel-Palazuelos C, López-Useros A, Gómez-Fleitas M. Laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic digestive surgery: present and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:1975-2004.
15. Park S, Kim NK. The role of robotic surgery for rectal cancer: overcoming technical challenges in laparoscopic surgery by advanced techniques. J Korean Med Sci 2015;30:837-46.
16. Lanfranco AR, Castellanos AE, Desai JP, Meyers WC. Robotic surgery: a current perspective. Ann Surg 2004;239:14-21.
17. Park EJ, Cho MS, Baek SJ, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a comparative study with laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg 2015;261:129-37.
18. Saklani AP, Lim DR, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for mid-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: comparison of oncologic outcomes. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013;28:1689-98.
19. Xiong B, Ma L, Zhang C, Cheng Y. Robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Surg Res 2014;188:404-14.
20. Jayne D, Pigazzi A, Marshall H, Croft J, Corrigan N, Copeland J, Quirke P, West N, Rautio T, Thomassen N, Tilney H, Gudgeon M, Bianchi PP, Edlin R, Hulme C, Brown J. Effect of robotic-assisted vs conventional laparoscopic surgery on risk of conversion to open laparotomy among patients undergoing resection for rectal cancer: the ROLARR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017;318:1569-80.
21. Bretagnol F, Dedieu A, Zappa M, Guedj N, Ferron M, Panis Y. T4 colorectal cancer: is laparoscopic resection contraindicated? Colorectal Dis 2011;13:138-43.
22. de'Angelis N, Landi F, Vitali GC, Memeo R, Martínez-Pérez A, Solis A, Assalino M, Vallribera F, Mercoli HA, Marescaux J, Mutter D, Ris F, Espin E, Brunetti F. Multicentre propensity score-matched analysis of laparoscopic versus open surgery for T4 rectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2017;31:3106-21.
23. Park SY, Choi G-S, Jun SH, Park J-S, Kim HJ. Laparoscopic salvage surgery for recurrent and metachronous colorectal cancer: 15 years' experience in a single center. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3551-8.
24. Nagasue Y, Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, Nagayama S, Fujimoto Y, Konishi T, Nagasaki T, Nagata J, Mukai T, Ikeda A, Ono R, Yamaguchi T. Laparoscopic versus open multivisceral resection for primary colorectal cancer: comparison of perioperative outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:1299-305.
25. Nagasaki T, Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, Nagayama S, Fujimoto Y, Konishi T, Yamaguchi T. Laparoscopic salvage surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:1319-26.
26. Kim KY, Hwang DW, Park YK, Lee HS. A single surgeon's experience with 54 consecutive cases of multivisceral resection for locally advanced primary colorectal cancer: can the laparoscopic approach be performed safely? Surg Endosc 2012;26:493-500.
27. Sasson AR, Sigurdson ER. Management of locally advanced rectal cancer. Surg Oncol 2000;9:193-204.
28. Mukai T, Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, Nagayama S, Fujimoto Y, Konishi T, Ikeda A, Yamaguchi T. Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration with en bloc lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for advanced primary rectal cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg 2013;6:314-7.
29. Uehara K, Nakamura H, Yoshino Y, Arimoto A, Kato T, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T, Nagino M. Initial experience of laparoscopic pelvic exenteration and comparison with conventional open surgery. Surg Endosc 2016;30:132-8.
30. Patel H, Joseph JV, Amodeo A, Kothari K. Laparoscopic salvage total pelvic exenteration: is it possible post-chemo-radiotherapy? J Minim Access Surg 2009;5:111-4.
31. Akiyoshi T, Nagasaki T, Ueno M. Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:3896.
32. Ogura A, Akiyoshi T, Konishi T, Fujimoto Y, Nagayama S, Fukunaga Y, Ueno M. Safety of laparoscopic pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion for colorectal malignancies. World J Surg 2016;40:1236-43.
33. Patil PS, Saklani A, Gambhire P, Mehta S, Engineer R, De'Souza A, Chopra S, Bal M. Colorectal cancer in India: an audit from a tertiary center in a low prevalence area. Indian J Surg Oncol 2017;8:484-90.
34. Pai VD, Jatal S, Ostwal V, Engineer R, Arya S, Patil P, Bal M, Saklani AP. Multivisceral resections for rectal cancers: short-term oncological and clinical outcomes from a tertiary-care center in India. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016;7:345-53.
35. Sinukumar S, Engineer R, Saklani A. Preliminary experience with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in locally advanced rectal cancer. Indian J Gastroenterol 2015;34:320-4.
36. Pai VD, Bhandare M, Saklani AP. Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with enbloc resection of seminal vesicle for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2016;26:209-12.
37. Bhamre R, Pokharkar A, Shinde R, Saklani A. Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2018;20:161-2.
38. Pokharkar A, Kammar P, D'souza A, Bhamre R, Sugoor P, Saklani A. Laparoscopic pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer, technique and short-term outcomes. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; doi: 10.1089/lap.2018.0147.
39. Hayashi K, Kotake M, Kakiuchi D, Yamada S, Hada M, Kato Y, Hiranuma C, Oyama K, Hara T. Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration using transanal minimal invasive surgery technique with en bloc bilateral lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer. Surg Case Rep 2016;2:74.
40. Uematsu D, Akiyama G, Sugihara T, Magishi A, Yamaguchi T, Sano T. Transanal total pelvic exenteration: pushing the limits of transanal total mesorectal excision with transanal pelvic exenteration. Dis Colon Rectum 2017;60:647-8.
41. Vasilescu C, Tudor S, Popa M, Aldea B, Gluck G. Entirely robotic total pelvic exenteration. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2011;21:e200-2.
42. Castillo OA, Vidal-Mora I, Rodriguez-Carlin A, Silva A, Schatloff O. First report: robot-assisted total pelvic exenteration for locally advanced prostate cancer. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2015;25:592-4.
43. Nanayakkara PR, Ahmed SA, Oudit D, O'Dwyer ST, Selvasekar CR. Robotic assisted minimally invasive pelvic exenteration in advanced rectal cancer: review and case report. J Robot Surg 2014;8:173-5.
44. Shin JW, Kim J, Kwak JM, Hara M, Cheon J, Kang SH, Kang SG, Stevenson AR, Coughlin G, Kim SH. First report: robotic pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014;16:O9-14.
45. Winters BR, Mann GN, Louie O, Wright JL. Robotic total pelvic exenteration with laparoscopic rectus flap: initial experience. Case Rep Surg 2015;2015:835425.
46. Malakorn S, Sammour T, Pisters LL, Chang GJ. Robotic total pelvic exenteration. Dis Colon Rectum 2017;60:555.
47. Kim TH, Jeong SY, Choi DH, Kim DY, Jung KH, Moon SH, Chang HJ, Lim SB, Choi HS, Park JG. Lateral lymph node metastasis is a major cause of locoregional recurrence in rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:729-37.
48. Yano H, Moran BJ. The incidence of lateral pelvic side-wall nodal involvement in low rectal cancer may be similar in Japan and the West. Br J Surg 2008;95:33-49.
49. Akiyoshi T, Watanabe T, Miyata S, Kotake K, Muto T, Sugihara K; Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Results of a Japanese nationwide multi-institutional study on lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in low rectal cancer: is it regional or distant disease? Ann Surg 2012;255:1129-34.
50. Watanabe T, Itabashi M, Shimada Y, Tanaka S, Ito Y, Ajioka Y, Hamaguchi T, Hyodo I, Igarashi M, Ishida H, Ishihara S, Ishiguro M, Kanemitsu Y, Kokudo N, Muro K, Ochiai A, Oguchi M, Ohkura Y, Saito Y, Sakai Y, Ueno H, Yoshino T, Boku N, Fujimori T, Koinuma N, Morita T, Nishimura G, Sakata Y, Takahashi K, Tsuruta O. Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2014 for treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2015;20:207-39.
52. Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Matsueda K, Konishi T, Fujimoto Y, Nagayama S, Fukunaga Y, Unno T, Kano A, Kuroyanagi H, Oya M, Yamaguchi T, Watanabe T, Muto T. Selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with advanced low rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy based on pretreatment imaging. Ann Surg Oncol 2014;21:189-96.
53. Nagawa H, Muto T, Sunouchi K, Higuchi Y, Tsurita G, Watanabe T, Sawada T. Randomized, controlled trial of lateral node dissection vs. nerve-preserving resection in patients with rectal cancer after preoperative radiotherapy. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1274-80.
54. Fujita S, Akasu T, Mizusawa J, Saito N, Kinugasa Y, Kanemitsu Y, Ohue M, Fujii S, Shiozawa M, Yamaguchi T, Moriya Y; Colorectal Cancer Study Group of Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after mesorectal excision with and without lateral lymph node dissection for clinical stage II or stage III lower rectal cancer (JCOG0212): results from a multicentre, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:616-21.
55. Gk K, Vd P, Ap S. Is there a role of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in the current era of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer? J Gastrointest Digest Syst 2016;6:1-4.
56. Mahendra BK, Vallam KC, Saklani A. Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection - are we ready to bridge the gap between the west and the east? Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg 2017;2:158.
57. Sasi S, Rohila J, Kammar P, Kurunkar S, Desouza A, Saklani A. Robotic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in rectal cancer - video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2018;20:554-5.
58. Liang JT. Technical feasibility of laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for patients with low rectal cancer after concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18:153-9.
59. Park JS, Choi GS, Lim KH, Jang YS, Kim HJ, Park SY, Jun SH. Laparoscopic extended lateral pelvic node dissection following total mesorectal excision for advanced rectal cancer: initial clinical experience. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3322-9.
60. Liu T, Zhang C, Yu P, Chen J, Zeng D, Gan L, Lv W, Liu L, Yan X. Laparoscopic radical correction combined with extensive lymphadenectomy and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation for mid-to-low rectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2011;10:183-7.
61. Akiyoshi T. Technical feasibility of laparoscopic extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision for primary or recurrent rectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:718-26.
62. Nagayoshi K, Ueki T, Manabe T, Moriyama T, Yanai K, Oda Y, Tanaka M. Laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection is achievable and offers advantages as a minimally invasive surgery over the open approach. Surg Endosc 2016;30:1938-47.
63. Wichmann MW, Müller C, Meyer G, Strauss T, Hornung HM, Lau-Werner U, Angele MK, Schildberg FW. Effect of preoperative radiochemotherapy on lymph node retrieval after resection of rectal cancer. Arch Surg 2002;137:206-10.
64. Kim YW, Kim NK, Min BS, Lee KY, Sohn SK, Cho CH, Kim H, Keum KC, Ahn JB. The prognostic impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2009;100:1-7.
65. Furuhata T, Okita K, Nishidate T, Ito T, Yamaguchi H, Ueki T, Akizuki E, Meguro M, Ogawa T, Kukita K, Kimura Y, Mizuguchi T, Hirata K. Clinical feasibility of laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection following total mesorectal excision for advanced rectal cancer. Surg Today 2015;45:310-4.
66. Park JA, Choi GS, Park JS, Park SY. Initial clinical experience with robotic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer. J Korean Soc Coloproctol 2012;28:265-70.
67. Bae SU, Saklani AP, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Robotic and laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: short-term outcomes of 21 consecutive series. Ann Surg Treat Res 2014;86:76-82.
68. Kagawa H, Kinugasa Y, Shiomi A, Yamaguchi T, Tsukamoto S, Tomioka H, Yamakawa Y, Sato S. Robotic-assisted lateral lymph node dissection for lower rectal cancer: short-term outcomes in 50 consecutive patients. Surg Endosc 2015;29:995-1000.
69. Yamaguchi T, Kinugasa Y, Shiomi A, Tomioka H, Kagawa H. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2016;30:721-8.
70. Kim HJ, Choi GS, Park JS, Park SY, Lee HJ, Woo IT, Park IK. Selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection: a comparative study of the robotic versus laparoscopic approach. Surg Endosc 2018;32:2466-73.
71. Wiig JN, Waehre H, Larsen SG, Braendengen M, Giercksky KE. Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003;29:455-8.
72. Saito N, Suzuki T, Sugito M, Ito M, Kobayashi A, Tanaka T, Kotaka M, Karaki H, Kobatake T, Tsunoda Y, Shiomi A, Yano M, Minagawa N, Nishizawa Y. Bladder-sparing extended resection of locally advanced rectal cancer involving the prostate and seminal vesicles. Surg Today 2007;37:845-52.
73. Smith JD, Nash GM, Weiser MR, Temple LK, Guillem JG, Paty PB. Multivisceral resections for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012;99:1137-43.
74. Shin US, You YN, Nguyen AT, Bednarski BK, Messick C, Maru DM, Dean EM, Nguyen ST, Hu CY, Chang GJ. Oncologic outcomes of extended robotic resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016;23:2249-57.
75. Williams GL, Gonsalves S, Bandyopadhyay D, Sagar PM. Laparoscopic abdominosacral composite resection for locally advanced primary rectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 2008;12:299-302.
76. Nagasaki T, Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, Nagayama S, Fujimoto Y, Konishi T, Yamaguchi T. Laparoscopic abdominosacral resection for locally advanced primary rectal cancer after treatment with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, followed by preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Asian J Endosc Surg 2014;7:52-5.
77. Lengyel J, Sagar PM, Morrison C, Gonsalves S, Lee P, Phillips N. Multimedia article Laparoscopic abdominosacral composite resection. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52:1662-4.
