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Figure 2. Mechanical and metabolic upstream regulation of YAP/TAZ. (A) Mechanical cues regulate YAP/TAZ through integrin-FAK-RhoA signaling, Piezo1-mediated Ca²⁺ influx, and LATS1/2-dependent phosphorylation; (B) Metabolic cues regulate YAP/TAZ through O-GlcNAcylation, the mevalonate-RhoA pathway, and AMPK signaling; (C) Dephosphorylated YAP/TAZ enters the nucleus and binds TEAD to activate transcription, whereas phosphorylated YAP/TAZ is retained in the cytoplasm. Created in BioRender. Liu Y (2026) https://BioRender.com/ro500te. YAP: Yes-associated protein; TAZ: transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif; TEAD: TEA domain; ECM: enabling extracellular matrix; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase.