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Figure 3. The role of nuclear miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. (A) In atherosclerosis, various miRNAs translocate to the nucleus to exert either athero-protective or pro-atherogenic effects by regulating target gene expression. (B) In heart failure, miR-92a-3p and pri-miR-208b promote pathological cardiac remodeling via MHC regulation, while nuclear miR-665 drives this process by targeting PTEN. (C) In diabetic cardiomyopathy, miR-320 promotes CD36 transcription to induce lipotoxicity, which in turn upregulates miR-320 expression, forming a positive feedback loop. (D) let-7i and miR-133a target NET and Dnmt3b, respectively, contributing to the pathogenesis of other cardiovascular diseases. FGF5: Fibroblast growth factor 5; MHC: myosin heavy chain; ANKRD1: ankyrin repeat domain 1; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; NET: norepinephrine transporter; Dnmt3b: DNA methyltransferase 3 beta; IPO8: importin 8.