fig2

Figure 2. The framework of an AI-powered digital vessel. (A) The process begins with multimodal data collection, including medical imaging data (e.g., CTA) and physiological data (e.g., blood pressure, ECG); (B) Construct a digital vessel using the multimodal data; (C) Build up their computational physics static models for FEA and CFD simulations; (D) Finally, an AI Engine integrates these models for downstream applications. CTA: Computed tomography angiography; ECG: electrocardiography; FEA: finite element analysis; CFD: computational fluid dynamics; AI: artificial intelligence. Elements were manually prepared or modified from iconfont.cn and smart.servier.com.