fig1

Figure 1. Procedural duration and fluoroscopy time at each procedural stage among the three ablation strategies. (A) Preparation time; (B) Pre-ablation procedural time; (C) LA procedural time; (D) Post-procedural completion time; (E) Fluoroscopy time during the baseline procedural phase; (F) Fluoroscopy time during the LA procedural phase. LA: Left atrial; RMN, robotic magnetic navigation ablation; CRYO, cryoballoon ablation; PFA, pulsed field ablation. *P < 0.05 versus the PFA group. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for normally distributed variables; Welch’s ANOVA was applied when homogeneity of variance was not met. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method when variances were equal and the Games-Howell method when variances were unequal.