fig4

Figure 4. (A) Synthesis and characterization of AF 647-labeled HA-CBP-VBP conjugates (HAPPI). Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[175]. Copyright © 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science; (B) Hemostatic action of HA-peptide conjugates in mouse tail laceration model. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[175]. Copyright © 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) Synthesis of the two lipopeptide conjugates containing PAP and PCP, and the construction of peptide-modified lipid nanoparticles (PLNs) via thin film rehydration. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[176]. Copyright © 2025, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (D) The PLNs are incorporated into a CaCl₂-sodium alginate sprayable hydrogel crosslinked via ionic bonds. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[176]. Copyright © 2025, Wiley-VCH GmbH. Statistics by two-tailed, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01) and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.01). ns: Not significant. HA: Hyaluronic acid; CBP: collagen-binding peptide; VBP: von Willebrand factor (vWF)-binding peptide; RT: room temperature; sulfo-NHS: N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt; AF 647: alexa fluor 647; EDC: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; PAP: platelet adhesion peptide (PAP, sequence: GFOGER); PCP: platelet crosslinking peptide (PCP, sequence: GGQQLK); PEG: polyethylene glycol; DSPC: distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DSPE: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; SA: sodium alginate; DSPS: distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine.