REFERENCES
1. Chen M, Zhang B, Topatana W, et al. Classification and mutation prediction based on histopathology H&E images in liver cancer using deep learning. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2020;4:14.
3. Pesapane F, Nezami N, Patella F, et al. New concepts in embolotherapy of HCC. Med Oncol. 2017;34:58.
4. Zhang Y, Ma Z, Li C, et al. The genomic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma reveals the disruption of post-transcriptional modifiers. Nat Commun. 2022;13:3061.
5. Da BL, Suchman KI, Lau L, et al. Pathogenesis to management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Cancer. 2022;13:72-87.
6. Tian X, Yan T, Liu F, et al. Link of sorafenib resistance with the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:991052.
7. Singh S, Hassan D, Aldawsari HM, Molugulu N, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: a promising anticancer therapy. Drug Discov Today. 2020;25:223-9.
9. Yang S, Qian L, Li Z, et al. Integrated multi-omics landscape of liver metastases. Gastroenterology. 2023;164:407-23.e17.
10. Yu J, Zhao Q, Wang X, et al. Pathogenesis, multi-omics research, and clinical treatment of psoriasis. J Autoimmun. 2022;133:102916.
11. Fransvea E, Paradiso A, Antonaci S, Giannelli G. HCC heterogeneity: molecular pathogenesis and clinical implications. Cell Oncol. 2009;31:227-33.
12. Chang YS, Tu SJ, Chen HD, et al. Integrated genomic analyses of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int. 2023;17:97-111.
13. Cadier B, Bulsei J, Nahon P, et al; ANRS CO12 CirVir and CHANGH groups. Early detection and curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis in France and in the United States. Hepatology. 2017;65:1237-48.
14. Nahon P, Bamba-Funck J, Layese R, et al; ANRS CO12 CirVir and CIRRAL groups. Integrating genetic variants into clinical models for hepatocellular carcinoma risk stratification in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2023;78:584-95.
15. Chen L, Fan Z, Zhao Y, Yang H, Lv G. Genetic factors in the clinical predictive model for hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from genetic association analyses. J Hepatol. 2023;79:e33-5.
16. Chakraborty E, Sarkar D. Emerging therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cancers. 2022;14:2798.
17. Jindal A, Thadi A, Shailubhai K. Hepatocellular carcinoma: etiology and current and future drugs. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019;9:221-32.
18. Kanai T, Hirohashi S, Upton MP, et al. Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma. A proposal for a new gross classification. Cancer. 1987;60:810-9.
19. Fan Z, Jin M, Zhang L, et al. From clinical variables to multiomics analysis: a margin morphology-based gross classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma stratification. Gut. 2023;72:2149-63.
20. Wu Y, Liu Z, Xu X. Molecular subtyping of hepatocellular carcinoma: a step toward precision medicine. Cancer Commun. 2020;40:681-93.
21. Lu S, Cai S, Peng X, Cheng R, Zhang Y. Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and functional analysis reveals ATP1B3 as a diagnostic and potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol. 2021;12:636614.
22. Xue R, Chen L, Zhang C, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of combined hepatocellular and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals distinct molecular subtypes. Cancer Cell. 2019;35:932-47.e8.
23. Löffler MW, Mohr C, Bichmann L, et al; HEPAVAC Consortium. Multi-omics discovery of exome-derived neoantigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genome Med. 2019;11:28.
24. Liu S, Yang Z, Li G, et al. Multi-omics analysis of primary cell culture models reveals genetic and epigenetic basis of intratumoral phenotypic diversity. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2019;17:576-89.
25. Calderaro J, Seraphin TP, Luedde T, Simon TG. Artificial intelligence for the prevention and clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2022;76:1348-61.
26. Cai Z, Chen G, Zeng Y, et al. Comprehensive liquid profiling of circulating tumor DNA and protein biomarkers in long-term follow-up patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:5284-94.
27. Llovet JM, Castet F, Heikenwalder M, et al. Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19:151-72.
28. Zhao Y, Zhang YN, Wang KT, Chen L. Lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: from preclinical mechanisms to anti-cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2020;1874:188391.
29. Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, et al. Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20:203-22.
30. Ladd AD, Duarte S, Sahin I, Zarrinpar A. Mechanisms of drug resistance in HCC. Hepatology. 2024;79:926-40.
31. Deng S, Solinas A, Calvisi DF. Cabozantinib for HCC treatment, from clinical back to experimental models. Front Oncol. 2021;11:756672.
32. Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7:6.
33. Jin ZC, Zhong BY, Chen JJ, et al; CHANCE Investigators. Real-world efficacy and safety of TACE plus camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with HCC (CHANCE2211): a propensity score matching study. Eur Radiol. 2023;33:8669-81.
34. Elersek T, Novak M, Mlinar M, et al. Lethal and sub-lethal effects and modulation of gene expression induced by T kinase inhibitors in zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. Toxics. 2021;10:4.
35. Wang Y, Deng B. Hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanism, targeted therapy, and biomarkers. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2023;42:629-52.
36. Al-Salama ZT, Syed YY, Scott LJ. Lenvatinib: a review in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drugs. 2019;79:665-74.
37. Chen R, Ielasi L, di Carlo A, Tovoli F. Donafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drugs Today. 2023;59:83-90.
38. Ettrich TJ, Seufferlein T. Regorafenib. In: Martens UM, Editor. Small molecules in oncology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 45-56. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-91442-8_3. [Last accessed on 7 Jan 2025].
39. Huang A, Yang XR, Chung WY, Dennison AR, Zhou J. Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:146.
40. Fulgenzi CAM, Talbot T, Murray SM, et al. Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2021;22:87.
41. Li Q, Han J, Yang Y, Chen Y. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1070961.
42. Zhang N, Yang X, Piao M, et al. Biomarkers and prognostic factors of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res. 2024;12:26.
43. Ju F, Wang D, Huang L, et al. Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in immune response to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1227756.
44. Lombardi R, Piciotti R, Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. PD-1/PD-L1 immuno-mediated therapy in NAFLD: advantages and obstacles in the treatment of advanced disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:2707.
45. Rimassa L, Finn RS, Sangro B. Combination immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2023;79:506-15.
46. Tian LY, Smit DJ, Jücker M. The role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:2652.
47. Sun Y, Wu P, Zhang Z, et al. Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the spatiotemporal evolution of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2024;42:135-56.e17.
48. Liang Y, Fu B, Zhang Y, Lu H. Progress of proteomics-driven precision medicine: from a glycosylation view. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2022;36:e9288.
49. Ng CKY, Dazert E, Boldanova T, et al. Integrative proteogenomic characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma across etiologies and stages. Nat Commun. 2022;13:2436.
50. Xing X, Hu E, Ouyang J, et al. Integrated omics landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma suggests proteomic subtypes for precision therapy. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4:101315.
51. Li XY, Shen Y, Zhang L, Guo X, Wu J. Understanding initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through single cell sequencing. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022;1877:188720.
52. Xie Z, Huang J, Li Y, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed potential targets for immunotherapy studies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2023;13:18799.
53. Liu Z, Zhang S, Ouyang J, et al. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals dysregulated cell-cell interactions in a tumor microenvironment related to HCC development. Dis Markers. 2022;2022:4971621.
54. Liu Y, Xun Z, Ma K, et al. Identification of a tumour immune barrier in the HCC microenvironment that determines the efficacy of immunotherapy. J Hepatol. 2023;78:770-82.
55. Xing R, Gao J, Cui Q, Wang Q. Strategies to improve the antitumor effect of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol. 2021;12:783236.
56. Oura K, Morishita A, Tani J, Masaki T. Tumor immune microenvironment and immunosuppressive therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:5801.
57. Shen KY, Zhu Y, Xie SZ, Qin LX. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospectives. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17:25.
58. Hao X, Sun G, Zhang Y, et al. Targeting immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of HCC: new opportunities and challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:775462.
59. Mo Y, Zou Z, Chen E. Targeting ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int. 2024;18:32-49.
60. Pascut D, Pratama MY, Vo NVT, Masadah R, Tiribelli C. The crosstalk between tumor cells and the microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of exosomal microRNAs and their clinical implications. Cancers. 2020;12:823.
61. Meng Y, Ye F, Nie P, et al. Immunosuppressive CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils promote resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC by mediating irreversible exhaustion of T cells. J Hepatol. 2023;79:1435-49.
62. Guo L, Yi X, Chen L, et al. Single-cell DNA sequencing reveals punctuated and gradual clonal evolution in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2022;162:238-52.
63. Wu L, Yan J, Bai Y, et al. An invasive zone in human liver cancer identified by Stereo-seq promotes hepatocyte-tumor cell crosstalk, local immunosuppression and tumor progression. Cell Res. 2023;33:585-603.
64. Chen Y, Deng X, Li Y, et al. Comprehensive molecular classification predicted microenvironment profiles and therapy response for HCC. Hepatology. 2024;80:536-51.
65. Fatima N, Baqri SSR, Bhattacharya A, et al. Role of flavonoids as epigenetic modulators in cancer prevention and therapy. Front Genet. 2021;12:758733.
66. Zeng Q, Klein C, Caruso S, et al; HCC-AI study group. Artificial intelligence-based pathology as a biomarker of sensitivity to atezolizumab-bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre retrospective study. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:1411-22.
67. Li B, Li Y, Zhou H, et al. Multiomics identifies metabolic subtypes based on fatty acid degradation allocating personalized treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2024;79:289-306.
68. Koh B, Danpanichkul P, Wang M, Tan DJH, Ng CH. Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. egastro. 2023;1:e100002.
