REFERENCES
1. Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J. International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2020;158:1999-2014.e1.
2. Fouad Y, Waked I, Bollipo S, Gomaa A, Ajlouni Y, Attia D. What’s in a name? Renaming ‘NAFLD’ to ‘MAFLD’. Liver Int 2020;40:1254-61.
3. Lazo M, Hernaez R, Eberhardt MS, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol 2013;178:38-45.
4. Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 2011;140:124-31.
5. Huang DQ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;18:223-38.
6. Benhammou JN, Lin J, Aby ES, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma growth rates and their clinical outcomes. Hepatoma Res 2021;7:70.
7. Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Li L, et al. Effect of metabolic traits on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2020;71:808-19.
8. Yasui K, Hashimoto E, Komorizono Y, et al. Japan NASH Study Group. Characteristics of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis who develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:428-33;quiz e50.
9. Piscaglia F, Svegliati-Baroni G, Barchetti A, et al. HCC-NAFLD Italian Study Group. Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter prospective study. Hepatology 2016;63:827-38.
10. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017;11:317-70.
11. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the american association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology 2018;68:723-50.
12. Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: [email protected], European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018;69:182-236.
13. Loomba R, Lim JK, Patton H, El-Serag HB. AGA clinical practice update on screening and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review. Gastroenterology 2020;158:1822-30.
14. ACR Education Center. Ultrasound LI-RADS v2017. Available from: https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/LI-RADS [Last accessed on 17 Mar 2023].
15. Tanaka H. Current role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2020;47:239-55.
16. D'Onofrio M, Crosara S, De Robertis R, Canestrini S, Mucelli RP. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of focal liver lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;205:W56-66.
17. Wei K, Mulvagh SL, Carson L, et al. The safety of deFinity and Optison for ultrasound image enhancement: a retrospective analysis of 78,383 administered contrast doses. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21:1202-6.
18. Main ML, Hibberd MG, Ryan A, Lowe TJ, Miller P, Bhat G. Acute mortality in critically ill patients undergoing echocardiography with or without an ultrasound contrast agent. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:40-8.
19. Xue LY, Lu Q, Huang BJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluation of cystic renal mass: in comparison to contrast-enhanced CT and conventional ultrasound. Abdom Imaging 2014;39:1274-83.
20. Wilson SR, Lyshchik A, Piscaglia F, et al. CEUS LI-RADS: algorithm, implementation, and key differences from CT/MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018;43:127-42.
21. ACR Education Center. CT/MRI LI-RADS® v2017 CORE. Available from: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/RADS/LI-RADS/LIRADS_2017_Core.pdf [Last accessed on 17 Mar 2023].
22. Ding J, Qin Z, Zhou Y, et al. Impact of revision of the LR-M criteria on the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound LI-RADS. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021;47:3403-10.
23. Zheng W, Li Q, Zou XB, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced US LI-RADS version 2017: application on 2020 liver nodules in patients with hepatitis B infection. Radiology 2020;294:299-307.
24. Thompson SM, Garg I, Ehman EC, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of hepatic steatosis on major hepatocellular carcinoma features at MRI. Br J Radiol 2018;91:20180345.
25. Garg I, Thompson SM, Sheedy SP, et al. CT of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: imaging characteristics and inter-rater agreement. Hepatoma Res 2019:2019.
26. Gaddikeri S, McNeeley MF, Wang CL, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014;203:W34-47.
27. Terzi E, De Bonis L, Leoni S, et al. CEUS LI-RADS are effective in predicting the risk hepatocellular carcinoma of liver nodules. Dig Liver Dis 2017;49:e22.
28. Kim TK, Noh SY, Wilson SR, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) 2017 - a review of important differences compared to the CT/MRI system. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23:280-9.
29. Zhou Y, Qin Z, Ding J, et al. Risk stratification and distribution of hepatocellular carcinomas in CEUS and CT/MRI LI-RADS: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022;12:873913.
30. Li L, Hu Y, Han J, Li Q, Peng C, Zhou J. Clinical application of liver imaging reporting and data system for characterizing liver neoplasms: a meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021;11:323.
31. Aubé C, Oberti F, Lonjon J, et al. CHIC Group. EASL and AASLD recommendations for the diagnosis of HCC to the test of daily practice. Liver Int 2017;37:1515-25.
32. Pan JM, Chen W, Zheng YL, et al. Tumor size-based validation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS LI-RADS) 2017 for hepatocellular carcinoma characterizing. Br J Radiol 2021;94:20201359.
33. Huang JY, Li JW, Lu Q, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CEUS LI-RADS for the characterization of liver nodules 20 mm or smaller in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 2020;294:329-39.
34. Mei Q, Yu M, Chen Q. Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in early diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 2 cm). World J Clin Cases 2022;10:8525-34.
35. Kang JH, Choi SH, Lee JS, Kim DW, Jang JK. Inter-reader reliability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system: a meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021;46:4671-81.
36. Hu YX, Shen JX, Han J, et al. Diagnosis of non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancies in patients with risks for hepatocellular carcinoma: CEUS LI-RADS versus CT/MRI LI-RADS. Front Oncol 2021;11:641195.
37. Hai Y, Savsani E, Chong W, Eisenbrey J, Lyshchik A. Meta-analysis and systematic review of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating the treatment response after locoregional therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021;46:5162-79.
38. Faccia M, Garcovich M, Ainora ME, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for monitoring treatment response in different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14:481.
39. Meloni MF, Francica G, Chiang J, Coltorti A, Danzi R, Laeseke PF. Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in ablation therapy of hcc: planning, guiding, and assessing treatment response. J Ultrasound Med 2021;40:879-94.
40. Francica G, Meloni MF, Riccardi L, et al. Ablation treatment of primary and secondary liver tumors under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance in field practice of interventional ultrasound centers. A multicenter study. Eur J Radiol 2018;105:96-101.
41. Hwang JA, Jeong WK, Kang HJ, Lee ES, Park HJ, Lee JM. Perfluorobutane-enhanced ultrasonography with a Kupffer phase: improved diagnostic sensitivity for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2022;32:8507-17.
42. Barr RG, Huang P, Luo Y, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: a review of the clinical evidence for SonoVue and Sonazoid. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020;45:3779-88.
43. Li L, Zheng W, Wang J, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound using perfluorobutane: impact of proposed modified LI-RADS criteria on hepatocellular carcinoma detection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022;219:434-43.
44. Kang HJ, Lee JM, Yoon JH, Lee K, Kim H, Han JK. Contrast-enhanced US with sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorobutane for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with high risk. Radiology 2020;297:108-16.
45. Park JH, Park MS, Lee SJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced US with Perfluorobutane for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: a multicenter diagnostic trial (SCAN). Radiology 2019;292:638-46.
46. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N, et al. Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. JSH consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2014 update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014;3:458-68.
