REFERENCES
1. Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis b virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:383-403.
2. Maucort-Boulch D, de Martel C, Franceschi S, Plummer M. Fraction and incidence of liver cancer attributable to hepatitis B and C viruses worldwide. Int J Cancer 2018;142:2471-7.
3. Yip TC, Wong GL, Chan HL, et al. HBsAg seroclearance further reduces hepatocellular carcinoma risk after complete viral suppression with nucleos(t)ide analogues. J Hepatol 2019;70:361-70.
4. Kim GA, Lee HC, Kim MJ, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients: a need for surveillance. J Hepatol 2015;62:1092-9.
5. Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP, Sandhu DS. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: a comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2019;11:1-18.
6. Wong VW, Janssen HL. Can we use HCC risk scores to individualize surveillance in chronic hepatitis B infection? J Hepatol 2015;63:722-32.
7. Wang Q, Luan W, Warren L, et al. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen correlates with tissue covalently closed circular DNA in patients with hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2016;88:244-51.
8. Kawanaka M, Nishino K, Nakamura J, et al. Quantitative levels of hepatitis B virus DNA and surface antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B receiving long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. Liver Cancer 2014;3:41-52.
9. Cheung KS, Seto WK, Wong DK, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Relationship between HBsAg, HBcrAg and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with undetectable HBV DNA under nucleos(t)ide therapy. J Viral Hepat 2017;24:654-61.
10. Mak LY, Huang Q, Wong DK, et al. Residual HBV DNA and pgRNA viraemia is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients on antiviral therapy. J Gastroenterol 2021;56:479-88.
11. Liang LY, Wong VW, Toyoda H, et al. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. J Gastroenterol 2020;55:899-908.
12. Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, et al. HBcrAg predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development: an analysis using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics. J Hepatol 2016;65:48-56.
13. Thi Vo T, Poovorawan K, Charoen P, et al. Association between hepatitis B surface antigen levels and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019;20:2239-46.
14. Yang H, Yuen M, Chan HL, et al. Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:568-74.
15. Yang HI, Tseng TC, Liu J, et al. Incorporating serum level of hepatitis B surface antigen or omitting level of hepatitis B virus DNA does not affect calculation of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:461-8.e2.
16. Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, et al. High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 2012;142:1140-9.e3; quiz e13-4.
17. Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Chen CL, et al. Risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus e antigen-negative carriers by combining viral biomarkers. J Infect Dis 2013;208:584-93.
18. Suzuki F, Miyakoshi H, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. Correlation between serum hepatitis B virus core-related antigen and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Med Virol 2009;81:27-33.
19. Testoni B, Lebossé F, Scholtes C, et al. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 2019;70:615-25.
20. Chen S, Jia J, Gao Y, et al. Clinical evaluation of hepatitis B core-related antigen in chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018;486:237-44.
21. Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al. Impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019;49:457-71.
22. Kumada T, Toyoda H, Tada T, et al. Effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy on hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis B patients: a propensity score analysis. J Hepatol 2013;58:427-33.
23. Honda M, Shirasaki T, Terashima T, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core-related antigen during nucleos(t)ide analog therapy is related to intra-hepatic HBV replication and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Infect Dis 2016;213:1096-106.
24. Mak LY, Ko KL, To WP, et al. Entecavir reduced serum hepatitis B core-related antigen in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut Liver 2020;14:665-8.
25. Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Hsu CY, et al. High level of hepatitis B core-related antigen associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection of intermediate viral load. Gastroenterology 2019;157:1518-29.e3.
26. Tseng TC, Hosaka T, Liu CJ, et al. Hepatitis B core-related antigen stratifies the risk of liver cancer in HBeAg-negative patients with indeterminate phase. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001691.
27. Mak LY, Cloherty G, Wong DK, et al. HBV RNA profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B under different disease phases and antiviral therapy. Hepatology 2021;73:2167-79.
28. Liu S, Deng R, Zhou B, et al. Association of serum hepatitis B virus RNA with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients under nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy. J Infect Dis 2021; doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab597.
29. Liu S, Zhang H, Gu C, et al. Associations between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:1066-82.
30. Yang HI, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, et al. REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Associations between hepatitis B virus genotype and mutants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:1134-43.
31. Wei F, Zheng Q, Li M, Wu M. The association between hepatitis B mutants and hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6835.
32. Wungu CDK, Ariyanto FC, Prabowo GI, Soetjipto S, Handajani R. Meta-analysis: association between hepatitis B virus preS mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. J Viral Hepat 2021;28:61-71.
33. Liang YJ, Teng W, Chen CL, et al. Clinical implications of HBV PreS/S mutations and the effects of PreS2 deletion on mitochondria, liver fibrosis, and cancer development. Hepatology 2021;74:641-55.
34. Lin YT, Jeng LB, Su IJ, Teng CF. Approaches for detection of hepatitis B virus pre-S gene deletions and pre-S deleted proteins and their application in prediction of higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development and recurrence. Viruses 2022;14:428.
