REFERENCES

1. Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int 2016;10:1-98.

2. Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: [email protected]., European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2017;67:370-98.

3. Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 2018;67:1560-99.

4. Choi J, Kim HJ, Lee J, Cho S, Ko MJ, Lim YS. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with entecavir vs tenofovir for chronic hepatitis B: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:30-6.

5. Kim SU, Seo YS, Lee HA, et al. A multicenter study of entecavir vs. tenofovir on prognosis of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B in South Korea. J Hepatol 2019;71:456-64.

6. Yip TC, Wong VW, Chan HL, Tse YK, Lui GC, Wong GL. Tenofovir is associated with lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than entecavir in patients with chronic HBV infection in China. Gastroenterology 2020;158:215-225.e6.

7. Tseng C, Hsu Y, Chen T, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence with tenofovir versus entecavir in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:1039-52.

8. Choi WM, Choi J, Lim YS. Effects of tenofovir vs entecavir on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;19:246-258.e9.

9. Petri H, Urquhart J. Channeling bias in the interpretation of drug effects. Stat Med 1991;10:577-81.

10. Ankarfeldt MZ, Thorsted BL, Groenwold RH, Adalsteinsson E, Ali MS, Klungel OH. Assessment of channeling bias among initiators of glucose-lowering drugs: a UK cohort study. Clin Epidemiol 2017;9:19-30.

11. Papatheodoridis GV, Dalekos GN, Idilman R, et al. Similar risk of hepatocellular carcinoma during long-term entecavir or tenofovir therapy in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2020;73:1037-45.

12. Chen CH, Chen CY, Wang JH, Lai HC, Hung CH, Lu SN, Peng CY. Comparison of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma between chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis treated with entecavir or tenofovir in Taiwan - a retrospective study. Am J Cancer Res 2020;10:3882-95.

13. Su F, Berry K, Ioannou GN. No difference in hepatocellular carcinoma risk between chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir versus tenofovir. Gut 2021;70:370-8.

14. S; ANRS/AFEF study group. Similar 5-year HCC occurrence in tenofovir- and entecavir-treated HBV chronic infection in the French AFEF/ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;53:616-29.

15. Chang TS, Yang YH, Chen WM, et al. Long-term risk of primary liver cancers in entecavir versus tenofovir treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Sci Rep 2021;11:1365.

16. Shim JH, Lee HC, Kim KM, et al. Efficacy of entecavir in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;52:176-82.

17. Yip TC, Chan HL, Tse YK, et al. On-treatment improvement of MELD score reduces death and hepatic events in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113:1629-38.

18. Yip TC, Lee HW, Wong VW, et al. Factors associated with improvement in MELD score after antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:1610-8.

19. Kumada T, Toyoda H, Yasuda S, Miyake N, Ito T, Tanaka J. Long-term prognosis with or without nucleot(s)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Viral Hepat 2021;28:508-16.

20. Fu EL, Groenwold RHH, Zoccali C, Jager KJ, van Diepen M, Dekker FW. Merits and caveats of propensity scores to adjust for confounding. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019;34:1629-35.

21. McCaffrey DF, Ridgeway G, Morral AR. Propensity score estimation with boosted regression for evaluating causal effects in observational studies. Psychol Methods 2004;9:403-25.

22. Westreich D, Lessler J, Funk MJ. Propensity score estimation: neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees (CART), and meta-classifiers as alternatives to logistic regression. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:826-33.

23. Güzelbulut F, Gökçen P, Can G, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of entecavir and tenofovir in reducing hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: a real-life study in turkey. Turk J Gastroenterol 2021;32:412-21.

24. Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behav Res 2011;46:399-424.

25. Benedetto U, Head SJ, Angelini GD, Blackstone EH. Statistical primer: propensity score matching and its alternatives. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:1112-7.

26. Austin PC. Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples. Stat Med 2009;28:3083-107.

27. Cepeda MS, Boston R, Farrar JT, Strom BL. Comparison of logistic regression versus propensity score when the number of events is low and there are multiple confounders. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:280-7.

28. Elze MC, Gregson J, Baber U, et al. Comparison of propensity score methods and covariate adjustment: evaluation in 4 cardiovascular studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:345-57.

29. Lee KJ, Tilling KM, Cornish RP, et al. STRATOS initiative. Framework for the treatment and reporting of missing data in observational studies: The treatment and reporting of missing data in observational studies framework. J Clin Epidemiol 2021;134:79-88.

30. Sterne JA, White IR, Carlin JB, et al. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ 2009;338:b2393.

31. Rezvan P, Lee KJ, Simpson JA. The rise of multiple imputation: a review of the reporting and implementation of the method in medical research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2015;15:30.

32. Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, Winkel P. When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials - a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017;17:162.

33. Little RJ, D’Agostino R, Cohen ML, et al. The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1355-60.

34. Choi H, Seo GH. Entecavir versus tenofovir for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e89.

35. Gooley TA, Leisenring W, Crowley J, Storer BE. Estimation of failure probabilities in the presence of competing risks: new representations of old estimators. Statist Med 1999;18:695-706.

36. Latouche A, Allignol A, Beyersmann J, Labopin M, Fine JP. A competing risks analysis should report results on all cause-specific hazards and cumulative incidence functions. J Clin Epidemiol 2013;66:648-53.

37. Austin PC, Fine JP. Practical recommendations for reporting Fine-Gray model analyses for competing risk data. Stat Med 2017;36:4391-400.

38. Burke DL, Ensor J, Riley RD. Meta-analysis using individual participant data: one-stage and two-stage approaches, and why they may differ. Stat Med 2017;36:855-75.

39. Choi WM, Yip TC, Lim YS, Wong GL, Kim WR. Methodological challenges of performing meta-analyses to compare the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma between chronic hepatitis B treatments. J Hepatol 2022;76:186-94.

40. Smith CT, Williamson PR, Marson AG. Investigating heterogeneity in an individual patient data meta-analysis of time to event outcomes. Stat Med 2005;24:1307-19.

41. Kim BG, Park NH, Lee SB, et al. Mortality, liver transplantation and hepatic complications in patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir vs tenofovir. J Viral Hepat 2018;25:1565-75.

42. Hsu YC, Wong GL, Chen CH, et al. Tenofovir versus entecavir for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in an international consortium of chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:271-80.

43. Lee SW, Kwon JH, Lee HL, et al. Comparison of tenofovir and entecavir on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea: a large-scale, propensity score analysis. Gut 2020;69:1301-8.

44. Ha I, Chung JW, Jang ES, Jeong SH, Kim JW. Comparison of the on-treatment risks for hepatocellular carcinoma between entecavir and tenofovir: A propensity score matching analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:1774-81.

45. Oh H, Yoon EL, Jun DW, et al. Long-Term Safety Of Entecavir And Tenofovir In Patients With Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (CHB) Infection (SAINT) Study. No difference in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with entecavir vs tenofovir. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:2793-802.e6.

46. Hu TH, Yueh-Hsia Chiu S, Tseng PL, et al. Five-year comparative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development under entecavir or tenofovir treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B-related compensated cirrhosis in Taiwan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;52:1695-706.

47. Shin JW, Jeong J, Jung SW, et al. Comparable incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir. Dig Dis Sci 2021;66:1739-50.

48. Na JE, Sinn DH, Lee JH, et al. Efficacy of entecavir versus tenofovir in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B with maintained virologic response. J Viral Hepat 2021;28:1392-9.

49. Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Yang J, Hu K, Huang Y. The effectiveness of TDF versus ETV on incidence of HCC in CHB patients: a meta analysis. BMC Cancer 2019;19:511.

50. Li M, Lv T, Wu S, et al. Tenofovir versus entecavir in lowering the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a critical systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int 2020;14:105-14.

51. Wang X, Liu X, Dang Z, et al. Nucleos(t)ide analogues for reducing hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Liver 2020;14:232-47.

52. Gu L, Yao Q, Shen Z, et al. Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:1467-76.

53. Kamal F, Khan MA, Marella HK, et al. 739 entecavir vs. tenofovir in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2020;158:S-1289.

54. Liu H, Shi Y, Hayden JC, Ryan PM, Rahmani J, Yu G. Tenofovir treatment has lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than entecavir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Cancer 2020;9:468-76.

55. Teng YX, Li MJ, Xiang BD, Zhong JH. Tenofovir may be superior to entecavir for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in individuals chronically infected with HBV: a meta-analysis. Gut 2020;69:1900-2.

56. Cheung KS, Mak LY, Liu SH, et al. Entecavir vs tenofovir in hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in chronic hepatitis B infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020;11:e00236.

57. Kim T, Yin HJ, Lee YS, et al. Comparison of the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir and tenofovir: a meta-analysis of Korean data. Hepatology 2020;72:479A.

58. Dave S, Park S, Murad MH, et al. Comparative effectiveness of entecavir versus tenofovir for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 2021;73:68-78.

59. Yuan J, Peng Y, Hao FB, Wang YQ, Wang CR, Zhong GC. No difference in hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with tenofovir vs entecavir: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021;13:7147-65.

60. Jeong S, Cho Y, Park SM, Kim W. Differential effectiveness of tenofovir and entecavir for prophylaxis of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients depending on coexisting cirrhosis and prior exposure to antiviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021;55:e77-86.

Hepatoma Research
ISSN 2454-2520 (Online) 2394-5079 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/