REFERENCES
1. Liver Cancer Professional Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Liver Cancer Group, Chinese Association of Liver Diseases, Pathology Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. Evidence-based practice guidelines for the standardized pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancer (in Chinese, 2015 edition). J Clin Exp Pathol 2015:241-6.
2. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet 2018;391:1023-75.
3. Tsilimigras DI, Bagante F, Sahara K, et al. Prognosis after resection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage 0, A, and B hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive assessment of the current BCLC classification. Ann Surg Oncol 2019;26:3693-700.
4. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018;68:723-50.
5. European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018;69:182-236.
6. Korean Liver Cancer Association, National Cancer Center. 2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut Liver 2019;13:227-99.
7. Benson AB, D’Angelica MI, Abbott DE, et al. Guidelines insights: hepatobiliary cancers, version 2.2019. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019;17:302-10.
8. Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, et al; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2018;29:iv238-55.
9. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017;11:317-70.
10. Department of Medical Administration, National Health and Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in China (2019 edition)]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2020;28:112-28.
11. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N, et al; Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. JSH Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2014 update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014;3:458-68.
12. Kudo M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan as a World-Leading Model. Liver Cancer 2018;7:134-47.
13. Yaman ME, Gudeloglu A, Senturk S, et al. A critical appraisal of the North American Spine Society guidelines with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Spine J 2015;15:777-81.
14. Kanwal F, Singal AG. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: current best practice and future direction. Gastroenterology 2019;157:54-64.
15. Tzartzeva K, Obi J, Rich NE, et al. Surveillance imaging and alpha fetoprotein for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2018;154:1706-18.e1.
16. Atiq O, Tiro J, Yopp AC, et al. An assessment of benefits and harms of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2017;65:1196-205.
17. Palmer WC, Patel T. Are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers? A meta-analysis of risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2012;57:69-76.
18. Wang M, Wang Y, Feng X, et al. Contribution of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus to liver cancer in China north areas: Experience of the Chinese National Cancer Center. Int J Infect Dis 2017;65:15-21.
19. Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (2020 edition). Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2020;28:14-20.
20. Nault JC, Martin Y, Caruso S, et al. Clinical impact of genomic diversity from early to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2020;71:164-82.
21. Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Hosaka T, et al. Dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. Cancer 2006;106:636-47.
22. Fateen W, Ryder SD. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma: patient selection and perspectives. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2017;4:71-9.
23. Zheng R, Qu C, Zhang S, et al. Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China: Temporal trends and projections to 2030. Chin J Cancer Res 2018;30:571-9.
24. Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:1749-68.
25. Prevention of Infection-related Cancer (PIRCA) Group, Specialized Commmittee of Cancer Prevention and Control, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association; Non-communicable & Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Society, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association; Heallth Communication Society, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Strategies of primary prevention of liver cancer in China: expert consensus (2018). Chin J Oncol 2018;40:550-7.
26. Zeng HM, Cao MM, Zheng RS, et al. Trend analysis of age of diagnosis for liver cancer in cancer registry areas of China, 2000-2014. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018;52:573-8.
27. Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2019;394:1145-58.
28. Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J; International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2020;158:1999-2014.e1.
30. Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association., Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. The guidelines of prevention and treatment for chronic hepatitis B (2019 version). Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019;27:938-61.
31. Chinese Society of Hepatology., Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. [Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C (2019 version)]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019;27:962-79.
32. Sharma SA, Kowgier M, Hansen BE, et al. Toronto HCC risk index: A validated scoring system to predict 10-year risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2017:92-9.
33. Ganne-Carrié N, Chaffaut C, Bourcier V, et al; for CIRRAL Group. Estimate of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018;69:1274-83.
34. Kim BS, Seo YS, Kim YS, et al; Korean Transient Elastography Study Group. Reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by achieving a subcirrhotic liver stiffness through antiviral agents in hepatitis B virus-related advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:503-10.
35. de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, Ferlay J, Clifford GM. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Global Health 2020;8:e180-90.
36. Shi Y, Wu YH, Wu W, Zhang WJ, Yang J, Chen Z. Association between occult hepatitis B infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Liver Int 2012;32:231-40.
37. Loomba R, Liu J, Yang HI, et al; REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Synergistic effects of family history of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection on risk for incident hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:1636-45.e1-3.
38. Fan C, Li M, Gan Y, et al. A simple AGED score for risk classification of primary liver cancer: development and validation with long-term prospective HBsAg-positive cohorts in Qidong, China. Gut 2019;68:948-9.
39. Yang H, Yuen M, Chan HL, et al. Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncology 2011;12:568-74.
40. Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Hsu CY, et al. High level of hepatitis B core-related antigen associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection of intermediate viral load. Gastroenterology 2019;157:1518-1529.e3.
41. Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, et al. High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 2012;142:1140-1149.e3. quiz e13-4
42. Baudi I, Inoue T, Tanaka Y. Novel Biomarkers of Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Significance of HBcrAg and M2BPGi. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:949.
43. Liu S, Zhang H, Gu C, et al. Associations between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:1066-82.
44. Yin J, Xie J, Liu S, et al. Association between the various mutations in viral core promoter region to different stages of hepatitis B, ranging of asymptomatic carrier state to hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:81-92.
45. Bai X, Zhu Y, Jin Y, et al. Temporal acquisition of sequential mutations in the enhancer II and basal core promoter of HBV in individuals at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2011;32:63-8.
46. Yin J, Xie J, Zhang H, et al. Significant association of different preS mutations with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:1063-71.
47. Lin CL, Kao JH. Prevention of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatoma Res 2021;7:9.
48. Yip TC, Wong VW, Chan HL, Tse YK, Lui GC, Wong GL. Tenofovir is associated with lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than entecavir in patients with chronic HBV infection in China. Gastroenterology 2020;158:215-225.e6.
49. Yin J, Wang J, Pu R, et al. Hepatitis B virus combo mutations improve the prediction and active prophylaxis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinic-based cohort study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015;8:978-88.
50. Han Y, Zeng A, Liao H, Liu Y, Chen Y, Ding H. The efficacy and safety comparison between tenofovir and entecavir in treatment of chronic hepatitis B and HBV related cirrhosis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017;42:168-75.
51. Ren H, Huang Y. Effects of pegylated interferon-α based therapies on functional cure and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2019;26 Suppl 1:5-31.
52. Maucort-Boulch D, de Martel C, Franceschi S, Plummer M. Fraction and incidence of liver cancer attributable to hepatitis B and C viruses worldwide. Int J Cancer 2018;142:2471-7.
53. Yang F, Ma L, Yang Y, et al. Contribution of hepatitis B virus infection to the aggressiveness of primary liver cancer: a clinical epidemiological study in Eastern China. Front Oncol 2019;9:370.
54. Turati F, Edefonti V, Talamini R, et al. Family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2012;55:1416-25.
55. Ma L, Liu J, Wang W, et al. Direct-acting antivirals and interferon-based therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis-C patients. Future Oncol 2020;16:675-86.
56. Hassan MM, Hwang LY, Hatten CJ, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 2002;36:1206-13.
57. Shen Y, Risch H, Lu L, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the northeast of the United States: results of a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2020;31:321-32.
58. Galicia-Moreno M, Monroy-Ramirez HC, Campos-Valdez M, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus infection in Latin America: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:20.
59. Heckley GA, Jarl J, Asamoah BO, G-Gerdtham U. How the risk of liver cancer changes after alcohol cessation: a review and meta-analysis of the current literature. BMC Cancer 2011;11:446.
60. Berkan-Kawińska A, Piekarska A. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcohol fatty liver disease - changing trends and specific challenges. Curr Med Res Opin 2020;36:235-43.
61. Nevola R, Rinaldi L, Giordano M, et al. Mechanisms and clinical behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV and HCV infection and alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:55.
62. Alexander M, Loomis AK, van der Lei J, et al. Risks and clinical predictors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnoses in adults with diagnosed NAFLD: real-world study of 18 million patients in four European cohorts. BMC Med 2019;17:95.
63. Wang Z, Zhao X, Chen S, et al. Associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cancers in a large cohort in China. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020:S1542-3565(20)30643-1.
64. Yang WS, Va P, Bray F, et al. The role of pre-existing diabetes mellitus on hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and prognosis: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2011;6:e27326.
65. Pan XF, He M, Yu C, et al; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Type 2 diabetes and risk of incident cancer in China: a prospective study among 0.5 million Chinese adults. Am J Epidemiol 2018;187:1380-91.
66. Ross RK, Yuan JM, Yu MC, et al. Urinary aflatoxin biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1992;339:943-6.
67. Sun Z, Chen T, Thorgeirsson SS, et al. Dramatic reduction of liver cancer incidence in young adults: 28 year follow-up of etiological interventions in an endemic area of China. Carcinogenesis 2013;34:1800-5.
68. Ng AWT, Poon SL, Huang MN, et al. Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia. Sci Transl Med 2017;9:eaan6446.
69. Chen CJ, Yang YH, Lin MH, et al; Health Data Analysis in Taiwan (hDATa) Research Group. Herbal medicine containing aristolochic acid and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Cancer 2018;143:1578-87.
70. Chiang CJ, Yang YW, You SL, Lai MS, Chen CJ. Thirty-year outcomes of the national hepatitis B immunization program in Taiwan. JAMA 2013;310:974-6.
72. Zhang H, Zhu J, Xi L, Xu C, Wu A. Validation of the Toronto hepatocellular carcinoma risk index for patients with cirrhosis in China: a retrospective cohort study. World J Surg Oncol 2019;17:75.
73. Dyson J, Jaques B, Chattopadyhay D, et al. Hepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team. J Hepatol 2014;60:110-7.
74. Kim JH, Sinn DH, Kang W, et al. Low-level viremia and the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients receiving entecavir treatment. Hepatology 2017;66:335-43.
75. Wang HM, Hung CH, Lu SN, et al. Liver stiffness measurement as an alternative to fibrotic stage in risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence for chronic hepatitis C patients. Liver Int 2013;33:756-61.
76. Lee HA, Lee HW, Kim IH, et al. Extremely low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B in immune-tolerant phase. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;52:196-204.
77. Papatheodoridis G, Dalekos G, Sypsa V, et al. PAGE-B predicts the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B on 5-year antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2016;64:800-6.
78. Yip TC, Wong GL, Wong VW, et al. Reassessing the accuracy of PAGE-B-related scores to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2020;72:847-54.
79. Papatheodoridis GV, Sypsa V, Dalekos GN, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction beyond year 5 of oral therapy in a large cohort of Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2020;72:1088-96.
80. Li L, Liu W, Chen YH, et al. Antiviral drug resistance increases hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective decompensated cirrhosis cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:8373-81.
81. Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli MU, Maisonneuve P. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2009;50:1142-54.
82. Pons M, Rodríguez-Tajes S, Esteban JI, et al. Non-invasive prediction of liver-related events in patients with HCV-associated compensated advanced chronic liver disease after oral antivirals. J Hepatol 2020;72:472-80.
83. Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - A global public health perspective. J Hepatol 2019;70:531-44.
84. Liu X, Baecker A, Wu M, et al. Family history of liver cancer may modify the association between HBV infection and liver cancer in a Chinese population. Liver Int 2019;39:1490-503.
85. Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, et al. aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2020;73:1368-78.
86. Erkan B, Meier J, Clark TJ, Kaplan J, Lambert JR, Chang S. Non-invasive diagnostic criteria of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of updated LI-RADS with clinical practice guidelines of OPTN-UNOS, AASLD, NCCN, EASL-EORTC, and KLSCG-NCC. PLoS One 2019;14:e0226291.
87. Harris PS, Hansen RM, Gray ME, Massoud OI, McGuire BM, Shoreibah MG. Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: An evidence-based approach. World J Gastroenterol 2019;25:1550-9.
88. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Osaki Y, et al. B-Mode ultrasonography versus contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. Liver Cancer 2019;8:271-80.
89. Zhang J, Yu Y, Li Y, Wei L. Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis with evidence from 1998 to 2016. Oncotarget 2017;8:75418-26.
90. Kim TH, Yoon JH, Lee JM. Emerging role of hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast Media and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: emphasis on recent updates in Major Guidelines. Korean J Radiol 2019;20:863-79.
91. Renzulli M, Biselli M, Brocchi S, et al. New hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma, early hepatocellular carcinoma and high-grade dysplastic nodules on Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI in patients with cirrhosis: a new diagnostic algorithm. Gut 2018;67:1674-82.
92. Kim SY, An J, Lim YS, et al. MRI with liver-specific contrast for surveillance of patients with cirrhosis at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:456-63.
93. Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang KH, Chen SH, He YT, Wang YQ. Simple clinical metrics enhance AFP to effectively identify cirrhotic patients with complicating hepatocellular carcinoma at various AFP levels. Front Oncol 2019;9:1478.
94. McMahon BJ, Bulkow L, Harpster A, et al. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska natives infected with chronic hepatitis B: a 16-year population-based study. Hepatology 2000;32:842-6.
95. Wong GL, Chan HL, Tse YK, et al. On-treatment alpha-fetoprotein is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir. Hepatology 2014;59:986-95.
96. Worland T, Harrison B, Delmenico L, Dowling D. Hepatocellular carcinoma screening utilising serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement and abdominal ultrasound is more effective than ultrasound alone in patients with non-viral cirrhosis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018;49:476-80.
97. Xing H, Zheng YJ, Han J, et al. Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II versus alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018;17:487-95.
98. Ji J, Wang H, Li Y, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin versus α-fetoprotein for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A large-scale, multicentre study. PLoS One 2016;11:e0153227.
99. Yi X, Yu S, Bao Y. Alpha-fetoprotein-L3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2013;425:212-20.
100. Best J, Bilgi H, Heider D, et al. The GALAD scoring algorithm based on AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP significantly improves detection of BCLC early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Z Gastroenterol 2016;54:1296-305.
101. Berhane S, Toyoda H, Tada T, et al. Role of the GALAD and BALAD-2 serologic models in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and prediction of survival in patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:875-886.e6.
102. Chen H, Zhang Y, Li S, et al. Direct comparison of five serum biomarkers in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018;10:1947-58.
103. Peng C, Ye Y, Wang Z, et al. Circulating microRNAs for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2019;51:621-31.
104. Zhou J, Yu L, Gao X, et al. Plasma microRNA panel to diagnose hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4781-8.
105. Wan JCM, Massie C, Garcia-Corbacho J, et al. Liquid biopsies come of age: towards implementation of circulating tumour DNA. Nat Rev Cancer 2017;17:223-38.
106. Cai J, Chen L, Zhang Z, et al. Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in circulating cell-free DNA as a non-invasive approach for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2019;68:2195-205.
107. Xu RH, Wei W, Krawczyk M, et al. Circulating tumour DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Mater 2017;16:1155-61.
108. Prensner JR, Chinnaiyan AM, Srivastava S. Systematic, evidence-based discovery of biomarkers at the NCI. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012;29:645-52.
109. Singal AG, Pillai A, Tiro J. Early detection, curative treatment, and survival rates for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2014;11:e1001624.
110. Yang B, Zhang B, Xu Y, et al. Prospective study of early detection for primary liver cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1997;123:357-60.
111. Giannini EG, Cucchetti A, Erroi V, Garuti F, Odaldi F, Trevisani F. Surveillance for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: how best to do it? World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:8808-21.
112. Frenette CT, Isaacson AJ, Bargellini I, Saab S, Singal AG. A Practical Guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients at risk. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2019;3:302-10.
113. Izzo F, Piccirillo M, Albino V, et al. Prospective screening increases the detection of potentially curable hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 8,900 high-risk patients. HPB (Oxford) 2013;15:985-90.
114. Lok AS, McMahon BJ, Brown RS Jr, et al. Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B viral infection in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 2016;63:284-306.
115. Singal AG, Conjeevaram HS, Volk ML, et al. Effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21:793-9.
116. Papatheodoridis GV, Idilman R, Dalekos GN, et al. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma decreases after the first 5 years of entecavir or tenofovir in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2017;66:1444-53.
117. Jepsen P, Kraglund F, West J, Villadsen GE, Sørensen HT, Vilstrup H. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Danish outpatients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2020;73:1030-6.
118. Wang JH, Chang KC, Kee KM, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance at 4- vs. 12-month intervals for patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a randomized study in community. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:416-24.
119. Wu CY, Hsu YC, Ho HJ, Chen YJ, Lee TY, Lin JT. Association between ultrasonography screening and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study. Gut 2016;65:693-701.
120. Li P, Ding HG, Xu H, et al. Shorten liver cancer surveillance interval may improve the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Hepatol 2017;33:1301-4.
121. Trinchet JC, Chaffaut C, Bourcier V, et al; Groupe d’Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hépatocellulaire (GRETCH). Ultrasonographic surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a randomized trial comparing 3- and 6-month periodicities. Hepatology 2011;54:1987-97.
122. Kee KM, Lu SN. Hospital- and community-based screenings for hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Oncology 2011;81 Suppl 1:36-40.
123. Kuo MJ, Chen HH, Chen CL, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparing ultrasonography with two-stage screening. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:3460-70.
124. Goldberg DS, Taddei TH, Serper M, et al. Identifying barriers to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in a national sample of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2017;65:864-74.
125. Zhao C, Jin M, Le RH, et al. Poor adherence to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a complex issue. Liver Int 2018;38:503-14.
126. Singal AG, Tiro JA, Murphy CC, et al. Patient-reported barriers are associated with receipt of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in a multicenter cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020:S1542-3565(20)30912-5.
127. Singal AG, Tiro J, Li X, Adams-Huet B, Chubak J. Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among patients with cirrhosis in a population-based integrated Health Care Delivery System. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017;51:650-5.
128. Likhitsup A, Parikh ND. Economic implications of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance and treatment: A guide for clinicians. Pharmacoeconomics 2020;38:5-24.
129. Goossens N, Singal AG, King LY, et al. Cost-effectiveness of risk score-stratified hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017;8:e101.
130. Lu WP, Dong JH. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:9237-44.
131. Yin J, Li N, Han Y, et al. Effect of antiviral treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs on postoperative prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-stage longitudinal clinical study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3647-55.
132. Chen L, Zhang Q, Chang W, et al. Viral and host inflammation-related factors that can predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012;48:1977-87.
133. Lu WP, Dong JH. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:9237-44.
134. Chen Q, Shu C, Laurence AD, et al. Effect of Huaier granule on recurrence after curative resection of HCC: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Gut 2018;67:2006-16.
135. Saito R, Amemiya H, Hosomura N, et al. Prognostic factors for post-recurrent survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Anticancer Res 2019;39:3033-8.
136. Zhou HY, Luo Y, Chen WD, et al. Hepatitis B virus mutation may play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;30:977-983.
137. Yin J, Chen X, Li N, et al. Compartmentalized evolution of hepatitis B virus contributes differently to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020:bgaa127.
138. Choi J, Jo C, Lim YS. Tenofovir Versus Entecavir on Recurrence of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Surgical Resection. Hepatology 2020; doi: 10.1002/hep.31289.
139. Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al; IMbrave150 Investigators. Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1894-905.
