REFERENCES
1. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011;53:1020-2.
2. European Association For The Study Of The Liver; European Organisation For Research And Treatment Of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012;56:908-43.
3. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, Kudo M, Lee JM, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017;11:317-70.
4. Kudo M, Matsui O, Izumi N, Iijima H, Kadoya M, et al. JSH consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2014 update by the liver Cancer study Group of Japan. Liver Cancer 2014;3:458-68.
5. Elsayes KM, Hooker JC, Agrons MM, Kielar AZ, Tang A, et al. 2017 version of LI-RADS for CT and MR imaging: an update. Radiographics 2017;37:1994-2017.
6. de Jong N, Emmer M, van Wamel A, Versluis M. Ultrasonic characterization of ultrasound contrast agents. Med Biol Eng Comput 2009;47:861-73.
7. Lee JY, Minami Y, Choi BI, Lee WJ, Chou YH, et al. The AFSUMB consensus statements and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using sonazoid. Ultrasonography 2020;39:191-220.
8. Wilson SR, Lyshchik A, Piscaglia F, Cosgrove D, Jang HJ, et al. CEUS LI-RADS: algorithm, implementation, and key differences from CT/MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018;43:127-42.
9. Kudo M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan as a world-leading model. Liver Cancer 2018;7:134-47.
10. Minami Y, Kudo M. Review of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance in ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:4952-9.
11. Terminology and Diagnostic Criteria Committee, Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine. Ultrasound diagnostic criteria for hepatic tumors. J Med Ultrason 2014;41:113-23.
12. Chung YE, Kim KW. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: advance and current status in abdominal imaging. Ultrasonography 2015;34:3-18.
13. Eckersley RJ, Chin CT, Burns PN. Optimising phase and amplitude modulation schemes for imaging microbubble contrast agents at low acoustic power. Ultrasound Med Biol 2005;31:213-9.
14. Needles A, Arditi M, Rognin NG, Mehi J, Coulthard T, et al. Nonlinear contrast imaging with an array-based micro-ultrasound system. Ultrasound Med Biol 2010;36:2097-106.
15. Gong P, Song P, Chen S. Improved contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with multiplane-wave imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2018;65:178-87.
16. Kono M, Minami Y, Iwanishi M, Minami T, Chishina H, et al. Contrast-enhanced tissue harmonic imaging versus phase inversion harmonic sonographic imaging for the delineation of hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncology 2017;92:29-34.
17. Tanaka H. Current role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2020;47:239-55.
18. Niu Y, Huang T, Lian F, Li F. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Tumour Biol 2013;34:3667-74.
19. Kan M, Hiraoka A, Uehara T, Hidaka S, Ichiryu M, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography using perfluorobutane (Sonazoid(®)) in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with dynamic computed tomography. Oncol Lett 2010;1:485-8.
20. Zheng RQ, Zhou P, Kudo M. Hepatocellular carcinoma with nodule-in-nodule appearance: demonstration by contrast-enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic imaging. Intervirology 2004;47:184-90.
21. Jang HJ, Kim TK, Burns PN, Wilson SR. Enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma at contrast-enhanced US: comparison with histologic differentiation. Radiology 2007;244:898-906.
22. Jang JY, Kim MY, Jeong SW, Kim TY, Kim SU, et al. Current consensus and guidelines of contrast enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions. Clin Mol Hepatol 2013;19:1-16.
23. Hatanaka K, Minami Y, Kudo M, Inoue T, Chung H, et al. The gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of contrast-enhanced US. J Clin Ultrasound 2014;42:1-8.
24. Kudo M, Hatanaka K, Maekawa K. Newly developed novel ultrasound technique, defect reperfusion ultrasound imaging, using sonazoid in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2010;78:40-5.
25. Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI, Cosgrove DO, Kudo M, et al. World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine; European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: A WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultrasound Med Biol 2013;39:187-210.
26. Kudo M. Diagnostic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress. Oncology 2011;81:73-85.
27. Kudo M, Ueshima K, Osaki Y, Hirooka M, Imai Y, et al. B-Mode ultrasonography versus contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. Liver Cancer 2019;8:271-80.
28. Yang HK, Burns PN, Jang HJ, Kono Y, Khalili K, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach to the diagnosis of focal liver lesions: the importance of washout. Ultrasonography 2019;38:289-301.
29. Liu GJ, Wang W, Lu MD, Xie XY, Xu HX, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015;4:241-52.
30. Dietrich CF, Mertens JC, Braden B, Schuessler G, Ott M, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of histologically proven liver hemangiomas. Hepatology 2007;45:1139-45.
31. Kong WT, Wang WP, Cai H, Huang BJ, Ding H, et al. The analysis of enhancement pattern of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Imaging 2014;39:168-74.
32. Friedrich-Rust M, Klopffleisch T, Nierhoff J, Herrmann E, Vermehren J, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differentiation of benign and malignant focal liver lesions: a meta-analysis. Liver Int 2013;33:739-55.
33. Xie L, Guang Y, Ding H, Cai A, Huang Y. Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for focal liver lesions: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2011;37:854-61.
34. Chung YE, Kim KW. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: advance and current status in abdominal imaging. Ultrasonography 2015;34:3-18.
35. Quaia E, De Paoli L, Angileri R, Cabibbo B, Cova MA. Indeterminate solid hepatic lesions identified on non-diagnostic contrast-enhanced computed tomography: assessment of the additional diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the noncirrhotic liver. Eur J Radiol 2014;83:456-62.
36. Minami Y, Kudo M, Kawasaki T, Chung H, Ogawa C, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: usefulness of contrast harmonic sonography for lesions poorly defined with B-mode sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:153-6.
37. Kim PN, Choi D, Rhim H, Rha SE, Hong HP, et al. Planning ultrasound for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation to treat small (≤ 3 Cm) hepatocellular carcinomas detected on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging: a multicenter prospective study to assess factors affecting ultrasound visibility. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012;23:627-34.
38. Kim AY, Lee MW, Rhim H, Cha DI, Choi D, et al. Pretreatment evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas with poor conspicuity on conventional ultrasonography. Korean J Radiol 2013;14:754-63.
39. Rajesh S, Mukund A, Arora A, Jain D, Sarin SK. Contrast-enhanced US-guided radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013;24:1235-40.
40. Eso Y, Takai A, Takeda H, Matsumoto T, Lee M, et al. Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography guidance improves the quality of pathological diagnosis in the biopsy of focal hepatic lesions. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;28:1462-7.
41. Park HS, Kim YJ, Yu MH, Jung SI, Jeon HJ. Real-time contrast-enhanced sonographically guided biopsy or radiofrequency ablation of focal liver lesions using perflurobutane microbubbles (sonazoid): value of Kupffer-phase imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34:411-21.
42. Minami Y, Kudo M, Chung H, Kawasaki T, Yagyu Y, et al. Contrast harmonic sonography-guided radiofrequency ablation therapy versus B-mode sonography in hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective randomized controlled trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:489-94.
43. Minami Y, Kudo M, Hatanaka K, Kitai S, Inoue T, et al. Radiofrequency ablation guided by contrast harmonic sonography using perfluorocarbon microbubbles (Sonazoid) for hepatic malignancies: an initial experience. Liver Int 2010;30:759-64.
44. Masuzaki R, Shiina S, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Goto E, et al. Utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid in radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:759-64.
45. Dohmen T, Kataoka E, Yamada I, Miura K, Ohshima S, et al. Efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Intern Med 2012;51:1-7.
46. Minami T, Minami Y, Chishina H, Arizumi T, Takita M, et al. Combination guidance of contrast-enhanced US and fusion imaging in radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma with poor conspicuity on contrast-enhanced US/fusion imaging. Oncology 2014;87:55-62.
47. Huang DY, Yusuf GT, Daneshi M, Ramnarine R, Deganello A, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in abdominal intervention. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018;43:960-76.
48. Kono Y, Lucidarme O, Choi SH, Rose SC, Hassanein TI, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound as a predictor of treatment efficacy within 2 weeks after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007;18:57-65.
49. Xia Y, Kudo M, Minami Y, Hatanaka K, Ueshima K, et al. Response evaluation of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinomas: the usefulness of sonazoid-enhanced harmonic sonography. Oncology 2008;75:99-105.
50. Zhou P, Kudo M, Minami Y, Chung H, Inoue T, et al. What is the best time to evaluate treatment response after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using contrast-enhanced sonography? Oncology 2007;72:92-7.
51. Shiozawa K, Watanabe M, Kikuchi Y, Kudo T, Maruyama K, et al. Evaluation of sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: a pilot study. World J Gastroenterol ;18:5753-8.
