REFERENCES
1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394-424.
2. Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP. Update in global trends and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018;22:141-50.
3. Goossens N, Sun X, Hoshida Y. Molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma: potential therapeutic implications. Hepat Oncol 2015;2:371-9.
4. Llovet JM, Montal R, Sia D, Finn RS. Molecular therapies and precision medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018;15:599-616.
5. Yang JD, Hainaut P, Gores GJ, Amadou A, Plymoth A, Roberts LR. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;16:589-604.
6. Kao JH, Chen DS. Changing disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Liver Int 2005;25:696-703.
7. Eslam M, Sarin SK, Wong VW, et al. The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2020; doi: 10.1007/s12072-020-10094-2.
8. Akinyemiju T, Abera S, Ahmed M, et al; Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration. The burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the global, regional, and national level: results from the global burden of disease study 2015. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:1683-91.
9. Levrero M, Zucman-Rossi J. Mechanisms of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2016;64:S84-101.
10. Nakagawa H, Fujita M, Fujimoto A. Genome sequencing analysis of liver cancer for precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2019;55:120-7.
11. Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Saffioti F, Raimondo G. Hepatitis B virus PreS/S gene variants: pathobiology and clinical implications. J Hepatol 2014;61:408-17.
12. Fako V, Wang XW. Molecular carcinogenesis of HBV-related HCC. In: Kao JH, Chen DS, editors. Hepatitis B virus and liver disease. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2018. pp. 143-62.
13. Chaturvedi VK, Singh A, Dubey SK, Hetta HF, John J, Singh MP. Molecular mechanistic insight of hepatitis B virus mediated hepatocellular carcinoma. Microb Pathog 2019;128:184-94.
14. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al; REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 2006;295:65-73.
15. Yuen MF, Tanaka Y, Fong DY, et al. Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2009;50:80-8.
16. Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al. Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1660-5.
17. Liu CJ, Chen BF, Chen PJ, et al. Role of hepatitis B viral load and basal core promoter mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. J Infect Dis 2006;193:1258-65.
18. Liu CJ, Chen BF, Chen PJ, et al. Role of hepatitis B virus precore/core promoter mutations and serum viral load on noncirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. J Infect Dis 2006;194:594-9.
19. Chen G, Lin W, Shen F, Iloeje UH, London WT, Evans AA. Past HBV viral load as predictor of mortality and morbidity from HCC and chronic liver disease in a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1797-803.
20. Yu MW, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype and DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:265-72.
21. Lin CL, Kao JH. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and variants. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015;5:a021436.
22. Yang HI, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, et al; REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Associations between hepatitis B virus genotype and mutants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:1134-43.
23. Lin CL, Kao JH. Natural history of acute and chronic hepatitis B: the role of HBV genotypes and mutants. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017;31:249-55.
24. Wong GL, Chan HL, Yiu KK, et al. Meta-analysis: the association of hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;37:517-26.
25. Ching LK, Gounder PP, Bulkow L, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma according to hepatitis B virus genotype in Alaska Native people. Liver Int 2016;36:1507-15.
26. Lin C, Kao J. Clinical Implications of hepatitis B virus variants. J Formos Med Assoc 2010;109:321-5.
27. Hsieh YH, Chang YY, Su IJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant large surface protein inhibits DNA double-strand break repair and leads to genome instability in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Pathol 2015;236:337-47.
28. Suliman I, Abdelgelil N, Kassamali F, Hassanein TI. The effects of hepatic steatosis on the natural history of HBV infection. Clin Liver Dis 2019;23:433-50.
29. Su HJ, Kao JH, Tseng TC, et al. Pathologic findings of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the impact of concurrent hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2020;119:1476-82.
30. Chan AWH, Wong GLH, Chan H, et al. Concurrent fatty liver increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B: steatosis and cancer in hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:667-76.
31. Cho H, Chang Y, Lee JH, et al. Radiologic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with suppressed chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020;54:633-41.
32. Abdel-Rahman O, Helbling D, Schöb O, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for the development of and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated systematic review of 81 epidemiological studies. J Evid Based Med 2017;10:245-54.
33. Wang YH, Chuang YH, Wu CF, et al. Smoking and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk: the mediating roles of viral load and alanine aminotransferase. Hepatology 2019;69:1412-25.
34. An P, Xu J, Yu Y, Winkler CA. Host and viral genetic variation in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2018;9:261.
35. Lin CL, Kao JH. Hepatitis B: immunization and impact on natural history and cancer incidence. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020;49:201-14.
36. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection. WHO Publishers; 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/hepatitis-b-guidelines/en/. [Last accessed on 30 Sep 2020].
38. Chen CL, Yang JY, Lin SF, et al. Slow decline of hepatitis B burden in general population: results from a population-based survey and longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan. J Hepatol 2015;63:354-63.
39. Chen DS, Hsu NH, Sung JL, et al. A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. JAMA 1987;257:2597-603.
40. Ni YH, Huang LM, Chang MH, et al. Two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in taiwan: impact and implication for future strategies. Gastroenterology 2007;132:1287-93.
41. Indolfi G, Easterbrook P, Dusheiko G, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in children and adolescents. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:466-76.
42. Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, et al; Taiwan Hepatoma Study Group. Long-term effects of hepatitis B immunization of infants in preventing liver cancer. Gastroenterology 2016;151:472-80.e1.
43. Hung GY, Horng JL, Yen HJ, Lee CY, Lin LY. Changing incidence patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma among age groups in Taiwan. J Hepatol 2015;63:1390-6.
44. Qu C, Chen T, Fan C, et al. Efficacy of neonatal HBV vaccination on liver cancer and other liver diseases over 30-year follow-up of the Qidong hepatitis B intervention study: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2014;11:e1001774.
45. Yeo Y, Gwack J, Kang S, et al. Viral hepatitis and liver cancer in Korea: an epidemiological perspective. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:6227-31.
46. McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, et al. Elimination of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatitis B in children 25 years after a hepatitis B newborn and catch-up immunization program. Hepatology 2011;54:801-7.
47. Kao JH. Hepatitis B vaccination and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015;29:907-17.
48. Wen WH, Chang MH, Zhao LL, et al. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: significance of maternal viral load and strategies for intervention. J Hepatol 2013;59:24-30.
49. Chen HL, Lee CN, Chang CH, et al; Taiwan Study Group for the Prevention of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV (PreMIT Study), Taiwan Study Group for the Prevention of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV PreMIT Study. Efficacy of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in interrupting mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 2015;62:375-86.
50. Pan CQ, Duan Z, Dai E, et al. Tenofovir to prevent hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load. N Engl J Med 2016;374:2324-34.
51. Terrault NA, Lok AS, Mcmahon BJ, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 2018;67:1560-99.
52. Lampertico P, Agarwal K, Berg T, et al. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2017;67:370-98.
53. Splawn L, Bailey C, Medina J, Cho J. Heplisav-B vaccination for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in adults in the United States. Drugs Today 2018;54:399.
54. Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int 2016;10:1-98.
55. Suk-fong Lok A. Hepatitis B treatment: what we know now and what remains to be researched: hepatology communications. Hepatol Commun 2019;3:8-19.
56. Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:1067-77.
57. Miyake Y, Kobashi H, Yamamoto K. Meta-analysis: the effect of interferon on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol 2009;44:470-5.
58. Yang YF, Zhao W, Zhong YD, Xia HM, Shen L, Zhang N. Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B reduces progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2009;16:265-71.
59. Wong GL, Yiu KK, Wong VW, Tsoi KK, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: reduction in hepatic events following interferon-alfa therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1059-68.
60. Lin CL, Kao JH. Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;48:5-14.
61. Liu K, Choi J, Le A, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and death in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019;50:1037-48.
62. Nguyen MH, Yang HI, Le A, et al. Reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir-A propensity score-matched study. J Infect Dis 2019;219:10-8.
63. Hsu YC, Ho HJ, Lee TY, et al. Temporal trend and risk determinants of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients on entecavir or tenofovir. J Viral Hepat 2018;25:543-51.
64. Choi J, Kim HJ, Lee J, Cho S, Ko MJ, Lim YS. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with entecavir vs tenofovir for chronic hepatitis B: a korean nationwide cohort study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:30-6.
65. Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Yang J, Hu K, Huang Y. The effectiveness of TDF versus ETV on incidence of HCC in CHB patients: a meta analysis. BMC Cancer 2019;19:511.
66. Wu IT, Hu TH, Hung CH, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of entecavir and tenofovir in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with high viraemia: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017;23:464-9.
67. Kim SU, Seo YS, Lee HA, et al. A multicenter study of entecavir vs. tenofovir on prognosis of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B in South Korea. J Hepatol 2019;71:456-64.
68. Lee SW, Kwon JH, Lee HL, et al. Comparison of tenofovir and entecavir on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea: a large-scale, propensity score analysis. Gut 2020;69:1301-8.
69. Hsu YC, Wong GL, Chen CH, et al. Tenofovir versus entecavir for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in an international consortium of chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:271-80.
70. Tseng C, Hsu Y, Chen T, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence with tenofovir versus entecavir in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:1039-52.
71. Shin JW, Jung SW, Lee SB, et al. Medication nonadherence increases hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhotic complications, and mortality in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Entecavir. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113:998-1008.
72. Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin C, et al. Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet 2010;376:1741-50.
73. Tsoi KKF, Ho JMW, Chan FCH, Sung JJY. Long-term use of low-dose aspirin for cancer prevention: a 10-year population cohort study in Hong Kong. Int J Cancer 2019;145:267-73.
74. Lee TY, Hsu YC, Tseng HC, et al. Association of daily aspirin therapy with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. JAMA Intern Med 2019;179:633-40.
75. Simon TG, Duberg AS, Aleman S, Chung RT, Chan AT, Ludvigsson JF. Association of aspirin with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1018-28.
77. Hsiang JC, Wong GL, Tse YK, Wong VW, Yip TC, Chan HL. Statin and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and death in a hospital-based hepatitis B-infected population: A propensity score landmark analysis. J Hepatol 2015;63:1190-7.
78. Simon TG, Duberg AS, Aleman S, et al. Lipophilic statins and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and death in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: results from a nationwide swedish population. Ann Intern Med 2019;171:318-27.
79. Li X, Sheng L, Liu L, Hu Y, Chen Y, Lou L. Statin and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020;20:98.
80. Yang H, Yuen M, Chan HL, et al. Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:568-74.
81. Lee MH, Yang HI, Liu J, et al; R.E.V.E.A.L.-HBV Study Group. Prediction models of long-term cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: risk scores integrating host and virus profiles. Hepatology 2013;58:546-54.
82. Yang HI, Tseng TC, Liu J, et al. Incorporating serum level of hepatitis b surface antigen or omitting level of hepatitis B virus DNA does not affect calculation of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:461-8.e2.
83. Wong GL, Chan HL, Wong CK, et al. Liver stiffness-based optimization of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2014;60:339-45.
84. Poh Z, Shen L, Yang HI, et al. Real-world risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma (RWS-HCC): a clinically practical risk predictor for HCC in chronic hepatitis B. Gut 2016;65:887-8.
85. Sinn DH, Lee JH, Kim K, et al. A novel model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B and normal alanine aminotransferase levels. Gut Liver 2017;11:528-34.
86. Fan C, Li M, Gan Y, et al. A simple AGED score for risk classification of primary liver cancer: development and validation with long-term prospective HBsAg-positive cohorts in Qidong, China. Gut 2019;68:948-9.
87. Papatheodoridis G, Dalekos G, Sypsa V, et al. PAGE-B predicts the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B on 5-year antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2016;64:800-6.
88. Kim JH, Kim YD, Lee M, et al. Modified PAGE-B score predicts the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2018;69:1066-73.
89. Sohn W, Cho JY, Kim JH, et al. Risk score model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in treatment-naïve patients receiving oral antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23:170-8.
90. Chen CH, Lee CM, Lai HC, et al. Prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir. Oncotarget 2017;8:92431-41.
91. Hsu YC, Yip TC, Ho HJ, et al. Development of a scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians on antivirals for chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2018;69:278-85.
92. Yu JH, Suh YJ, Jin YJ, et al. Prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma risk in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving entecavir/tenofovir. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;31:865-72.
93. Yang HI, Yeh ML, Wong GL, et al. Real-world effectiveness from the Asia pacific rim liver consortium for HBV risk score for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with oral antiviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2020;221:389-99.
94. Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, et al. aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2020;73:1368-78.
95. Lin CL, Kao JH. Risk stratification for hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:10-7.
96. Bruix J, Sherman M; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011;53:1020-2.
97. European Association For The Study Of The Liver, European Organisation For Research And Treatment Of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012;56:908-43.
98. Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int 2017;11:317-70.
99. Surveillance group, Diagnosis group, Staging group, Surgery group, Local ablation group, TACE/TARE/HAI group, Target therapy/systemic therapy group, Radiotherapy group, Prevention group, Drafting group. Management consensus guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2016 updated by the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association and the Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2018;117:381-403.
100. Trevisani F, D’intino PE, Morselli-labate AM, et al. Serum α-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status. J Hepatol 2001;34:570-5.
101. Marrero JA, Feng Z, Wang Y, et al. α-Fetoprotein, des-γ carboxyprothrombin, and lectin-bound α-fetoprotein in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2009;137:110-8.
102. Fu J, Li Y, Li Z, Li N. Clinical utility of decarboxylation prothrombin combined with α-fetoprotein for diagnosing primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2018;38:BSR20180044.
103. Wang W, Wei C. Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2020;7:308-19.
104. Sasaki K, Shindoh J, Nishioka Y, et al. Impact of viral etiology on postoperative de novo recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21:487-95.
105. Hung IFN, Poon RTP, Lai C, Fung J, Fan S, Yuen M. Recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high viral load at the time of resection. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;103:1663-73.
106. Wu J, Huang Y, Chau G, et al. Risk factors for early and late recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2009;51:890-7.
107. Dan J, Zhang Y, Huang J, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after radiofrequency ablation or hepatic resection for HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013;39:865-72.
108. Li Z, Lei Z, Xia Y, et al. Association of preoperative antiviral treatment with incidences of microvascular invasion and early tumor recurrence in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. JAMA Surg 2018;153:e182721.
109. Chen LT, Chen MF, Li LA, et al; Disease committee of adjuvant therapy for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma, Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. Long-term results of a randomized, observation-controlled, phase III trial of adjuvant interferon Alfa-2b in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Ann Surg 2012;255:8-17.
110. Zhang W, Song T, Zhang T, et al. Adjuvant interferon for early or late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma following curative treatment: a meta-analysis with comparison of different types of hepatitis. Mol Clin Oncol 2014;2:1125-34.
111. Xu J, Li J, Chen J, Liu Z. Effect of adjuvant interferon therapy on hepatitis B/C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative therapy - meta-analysis. Adv Clin Exp Med 2015;24:331-40.
112. Yin J, Li N, Han Y, et al. Effect of antiviral treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs on postoperative prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-stage longitudinal clinical study. JCO 2013;31:3647-55.
113. Huang G, Lau WY, Wang Z, et al. Antiviral therapy improves postoperative survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2015;261:56-66.
114. Wu C, Chen Y, Ho HJ, et al. Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection. JAMA 2012;308:1906.
115. Lee T, Lin J, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Wu M, Wu C. Association between nucleos(t)ide analog and tumor recurrence in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation. Hepatology 2016;63:1517-27.
116. Wong GL, Tse YK, Chan HL, Yip TC, Tsoi KK, Wong VW. Oral nucleos(t)ide analogues reduce recurrence and death in chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;43:802-13.
117. Zhang G, Yu X, Liu P, Huang X, Jiang X. Efficacy of nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2018;63:3207-19.
118. Young SH, Chau GY, Lee IC, et al. Aspirin is associated with low recurrent risk in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. J Formos Med Assoc 2020;119:218-29.
119. Cho Y, Kim MS, Nam CM, Kang ES. Statin use is associated with decreased hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in liver transplant patients. Sci Rep 2019;9:1467.
120. Kawaguchi Y, Sakamoto Y, Ito D, et al. Statin use is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after initial liver resection. BST 2017;11:574-80.
121. Yang H, Kao J. Persistence of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in hepatocytes: molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019;3:1-7.
122. Zeisel MB, Lucifora J, Mason WS, et al. Towards an HBV cure: state-of-the-art and unresolved questions-report of the ANRS workshop on HBV cure. Gut 2015;64:1314-26.
123. Lin C, Kao J. Review article: novel therapies for hepatitis B virus cure - advances and perspectives. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;44:213-22.
124. Lang J, Neumann-haefelin C, Thimme R. Immunological cure of HBV infection. Hepatol Int 2019;13:113-24.
125. Smolders EJ, Burger DM, Feld JJ, Kiser JJ. Review article: clinical pharmacology of current and investigational hepatitis B virus therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;51:231-43.
126. Revill PA, Chisari FV, Block JM, et al. A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:545-58.
127. Cox AL, El-sayed MH, Kao J, et al. Progress towards elimination goals for viral hepatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;17:533-42.
128. Chen YC, Jeng WJ, Chien RN, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Clinical outcomes after spontaneous and nucleos(t)ide analogue-treated HBsAg seroclearance in chronic HBV infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;43:1311-8.
129. Kim GA, Lee HC, Kim MJ, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients: a need for surveillance. J Hepatol 2015;62:1092-9.
130. Kuang XJ, Jia RR, Huo RR, et al. Systematic review of risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. J Viral Hepat 2018;25:1026-37.
