fig12

Figure 12. Totally laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy of the right liver for cholangiocellular carcinoma located adjacent to the inferior vena cava with invasion to the right adrenal gland: (A) a CT scan showed a mass forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma extended to just beside the inferior vena cava; (B) the tumor was also suspected of invasion to the right adrenal gland; (C) the right liver was transected prior to the complete mobilization; and (D) finally, the right liver was removed with partial right adrenalectomy from the retroperitoneum