REFERENCES
1. Parikh SA, Kapoor P, Letendre L, Kumar S, Wolanskyj AP. Prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:484-92.
2. Tesi B, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Chiang SC, Bdira EB, Abboud M, Belen B, Devecioglu O, Fadoo Z, Yeoh AE, Erichsen HC, Möttönen M, Akar HH, Hästbacka J, Kaya Z, Nunes S, Patiroglu T, Sabel M, Saribeyoglu ET, Tvedt TH, Unal E, Unal S, Unuvar A, Meeths M, Henter JI, Nordenskjöld M, Bryceson YT. Targeted high-throughput sequencing for genetic diagnostics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Genome Med 2015;7:130.
3. Nikiforow S, Berliner N. The unique aspects of presentation and diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015:183-9.
4. Brisse E, Imbrechts M, Put K, Avau A, Mitera T, Berghmans N, Rutgeerts O, Waer M, Ninivaggi M, Kelchtermans H, Boon L, Snoeck R, Wouters CH, Andrei G, Matthys P. Mouse cytomegalovirus infection in BALB/c mice resembles virus-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and shows a pathogenesis distinct from primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Immunol 2016;196:3124-34.
5. Lee JH, No YE, Lee YJ, Hwang JY, Lee JW, Park JH. Acalculous diffuse gallbladder wall thickening in children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2014;17:98-103.
6. Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, McClain K, Webb D, Winiarski J, Janka G. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:124-31.
7. Schram AM, Berliner N. How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the adult patient. Blood 2015;125:2908-14.
8. Rivière S, Galicier L, Coppo P, Marzac C, Aumont C, Lambotte O, Fardet L. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in adults: a retrospective analysis of 162 patients. Am J Med 2014;127:1118-25.
9. Hejblum G, Lambotte O, Galicier L, Coppo P, Marzac C, Aumont C, Fardet L. A web-based delphi study for eliciting helpful criteria in the positive diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome in adult patients. PLoS One 2014;9:e94024.
10. Fardet L, Galicier L, Lambotte O, Marzac C, Aumont C, Chahwan D, Coppo P, Hejblum G. Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014;66:2613-20.
11. Barba T, Maucort-Boulch D, Iwaz J, Bohé J, Ninet J, Hot A, Lega JC, Guérin C, Argaud L, Broussolle C, Jamilloux Y, Richard JC, Sève P. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in intensive care unit: a 71-case strobe-compliant retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e2318.
12. Gupta A, Tyrrell P, Valani R, Benseler S, Weitzman S, Abdelhaleem M. The role of the initial bone marrow aspirate in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:402-4.
13. Strauss R, Neureiter D, Westenburger B, Wehler M, Kirchner T, Hahn EG. Multifactorial risk analysis of bone marrow histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in critically ill medical patients--a postmortem clinicopathologic analysis. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1316-21.
14. Jung SY. Hemophagocytic syndrome diagnosed by liver biopsy in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol 2013;19:449-51.
15. Ju HY, Hong CR, Kim SJ, Lee JW, Kim H, Kang HJ, Park KD, Shin HY, Chae JH, Phi JH, Cheon JE, Park SH, Ahn HS. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnosed by brain biopsy. Korean J Pediatr 2015;58:358-61.
16. Ferry JA. Hematolymphoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary tract, and pancreas Odze and Goldblum's Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. 3rd ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2015. p. 879.
17. Favara BE. Histopathology of the liver in histiocytosis syndromes. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 1996;16:413-33.
18. Kapelari K, Fruehwirth M, Heitger A, Königsrainer A, Margreiter R, Simma B, Offner FA. Loss of intrahepatic bile ducts: an important feature of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Virchows Arch 2005;446:619-25.
19. Billiau AD, Roskams T, Van Damme-Lombaerts R, Matthys P, Wouters C. Macrophage activation syndrome: characteristic findings on liver biopsy illustrating the key role of activated, IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes and IL-6- and TNF-alpha-producing macrophages. Blood 2005;105:1648-51.
20. Teramura T, Tabata Y, Yagi T, Morimoto A, Hibi S, Imashuku S. Quantitative analysis of cell-free Epstein-Barr virus genome copy number in patients with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2002;43:173-9.
21. Smith MC, Cohen DN, Greig B, Yenamandra A, Vnencak-Jones C, Thompson MA, Kim AS. The ambiguous boundary between EBV-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and systemic EBV-driven T cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:5738-49.
22. Li J, Wang Q, Zheng W, Ma J, Zhang W, Wang W, Tian X. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: clinical analysis of 103 adult patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014;93:100-5.
23. Tsuji T, Hirano T, Yamasaki H, Tsuji M, Tsuda H. A high sIL-2R/ferritin ratio is a useful marker for the diagnosis of lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Hematol 2014;93:821-6.
24. Tabata C, Tabata R. Possible prediction of underlying lymphoma by high sIL-2R/ferritin ratio in hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Hematol 2012;91:63-71.
25. Jiang T, Ding X, Lu W. The prognostic significance of beta2 microglobulin in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Dis Markers 2016;2016:1523959.
26. Imashuku S, Hibi S, Tabata Y, Itoh E, Hashida T, Tsunamoto K, Ishimoto K, Kawano F. Outcome of clonal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: analysis of 32 cases. Leuk Lymphoma 2000;37:577-84.
27. Ahn JS, Rew SY, Shin MG, Kim HR, Yang DH, Cho D, Kim SH, Bae SY, Lee SR, Kim YK, Kim HJ, Lee JJ. Clinical significance of clonality and Epstein-Barr virus infection in adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Hematol 2010;85:719-22.
28. Matsuda K, Nakazawa Y, Yanagisawa R, Honda T, Ishii E, Koike K. Detection of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in children with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis using the BIOMED-2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with GeneScan analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2011;412:1554-8.
29. Kawaguchi H, Miyashita T, Herbst H, Niedobitek G, Asada M, Tsuchida M, Hanada R, Kinoshita A, Sakurai M, Kobayashi N. Epstein-Barr virus-infected T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1444-50.
30. Trottestam H, Horne A, Aricò M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Gadner H, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, Webb D, Janka G, Henter JI, Histiocyte Society. Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol. Blood 2011;118:4577-84.
31. Otrock ZK, Eby CS. Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Hematol 2015;90:220-4.
