REFERENCES

1. Domijan AM, Zeljezić D, Milić M, Peraica M. Fumonisin B1: oxidative status and DNA damage in rats. Toxicology 2007;232:163-9.

2. Gelderblom WC, Marasas WF. Controversies in fumonisin mycotoxicology and risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012;31:215-35.

3. Binder EM, Tan LM, Chin LJ, Handl J, Richard J. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007;137:265-82.

4. Bulder AS, Arcella D, Bolger M, Carrington C, Kpodo K, Resnik S, Riley RT, Wolterink G, Wu F. Fumonisins. In: Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series 65, Prepared by the 74th Meeting of The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2012. pp. 325-527.

5. Huffman J, Gerber R, Du L. Recent advancement in the biosynthetic mechanisms for polyketide-derived mycotoxins. Biopolymers 2010;93:764-76.

6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Fumonisin B1. In: Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene. WHO IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon, France: IARC; 2002. pp. 301-66.

7. Gelderblom WC, Lebepe-Mazur S, Snijman PW, Abel S, Swanevelder S, Kriek NP, Marasas WF. Toxicological effects in rats chronically fed low dietary levels of fumonisin B1. Toxicology 2001;161:39-51.

8. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan AM, Amer HA, Naguib KM. Prevention of fumonisin-induced maternal and developmental toxicity in rats by certain plant extracts. J Appl Toxicol 2004;24:469-74.

9. El-Nekeety AA, El-Kholy W, Abbas NF, Ebaid A, Amra HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Efficacy of royal jelly against the oxidative stress of fumonisin in rats. Toxicon 2007;50:256-69.

10. Howard PC, Eppley RM, Stack ME, Warbritton A, Voss KA, Lorentzen RJ, Kovach RM, Bucci TJ. Fumonisin B1 carcinogenicity in a two-year feeding study using F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:277-82.

11. Voss KA, Howard PC, Riley RT, Sharma RP, Bucci TJ, Lorentzen RJ. Carcinogenicity and mechanism of action of fumonisin B1: a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme (= F. verticillioides). Cancer Detect Prev 2002;26:1-9.

12. Alizadeh AM, Rohandel G, Roudbarmohammadi S, Roudbary M, Sohanaki H, Ghiasian SA, Taherkhani A, Semnani S, Aghasi M. Fumonisin B1 contamination of cereals and risk of esophageal cancer in a high risk area in northeastern Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13:2625-8.

13. Sun G, Wang S, Hu X, Su J, Huang T, Yu J, Tang L, Gao W, Wang JS. Fumonisin B1 contamination of home-grown corn in high-risk areas for esophageal and liver cancer in China. Food Addit Contam 2007;24:181-5.

14. Karuna R, Rao BS. Lack of micronuclei induction by fumonisin B1 mycotoxin in BALB/c mice. Mycotoxin Res 2013;29:9-15.

15. Chuturgoon A, Phulukdaree A, Moodley D. Fumonisin B1 induces global DNA hypomethylation in HepG2 cells: an alternative mechanism of action. Toxicology 2014;315:65-9.

16. Scott PM. Recent research on fumonisins: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012;29:242-8.

17. Ranzatoa E, Martinotti S, Burlando B. Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;134:443-9.

18. El-Mallah MH, El-Shami SM. Investigation of liquid wax components of Egyptian jojoba seeds. J Oleo Sci 2009;58:543-8.

19. Wisniak J. Potential uses of jojoba oil and meal: a review. Ind Crops Prod 1994;3:43-68.

20. Habashy RR, Abdel-Naim AB, Khalifa AE, Al-Azizi MM. Anti-inflammatory effects of jojoba liquid wax in experimental models. Pharmacol Res 2005;51:95-105.

21. Yaron A. Metabolism and physiological effects of jojoba oil. In: Wisniak J, editor. The Chemistry and Technology of Jojoba Oil. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists' Society Press; 1987. pp. 251-65.

22. Benzioni A, Mills D, Van Boven M, Cokel M. Effect of genotype and environment on the concentration of simmondsin and its derivatives in jojoba seeds and foliage. Ind Crops Prod 2005;21:241-9.

23. Shrestha MK, Peri I, Smirnoff P, Birk Y, Golan-Goldhirsh A. Jojoba seed meal proteins associated with proteolytic and protease inhibitor activities. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:5670-5.

24. Vermauti S, De Coninck K, Onagbesan O. A Jojoba-richdiet as a new forced molting method in poultry. J Appl Poult Res 1998;7:239-46.

25. Lievens S, Flo G, Decuypere E, Van Bovenc M, Cokelaere M. Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats. Physiol Behav 2003;78:669-77.

26. Wiseman MO, Price RL. Characterization of protein concentrates of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) meal. Cereal Chem 1987;64:91-3.

27. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Association of Officinal Analytical Chemists; 2000.

28. Mohamed AI, Perera PA, Hafez YS. New chromophore for phytic acid determination. Cereal Chem 1986;63:475-6.

29. Chandler SF, Dodds JH. The effect of phosphate, nitrogen and sucrose on the production of phenolics and solasidine in callus cultures of Soanum laciniatum. Plant Cell Rep 1983;2:205-8.

30. Abbott TP, Nakamura LK, Nelson TL, Gasdorf HJ, Bennett GA, Kleiman R. Microorganisms for degrading simmondsin and related cyanogenic toxins in jojoba. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999;34:270-3.

31. Voss KA, Chamberlain WJ, Bacon CW, Norred WP. A preliminary investigation on renal and hepatic toxicity in rats fed purified fumonisin B1. Nat Toxins 1993;1:222-8.

32. Shaphard GS, Sydenham EW, Thiel PG, Gelderblom WC. Quantitative determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Liq Chromatogr 1990;13:2077-87.

33. Drury RA, Wallington EA, Cancerson R, editors. Carlton's Histopathological Techniques. 4th ed. Oxford, London: Oxford University Press; 1976.

34. SAS. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 1982.

35. Waller RA, Duncan DB. A Bayes rule for the symmetric multiple comparison problems. J Am Stat Assoc 1969;64:1484-503.

36. Motawe HF. Chemical evaluation of jojoba meal. Egypt J Nutr Feeds 2005;8:861-8.

37. Van Boven M, Holser R, Cokelaere M, Flo G, Decuypere E. Gas chromatographic analysis of simmondsins and simmondsin ferulates in jojoba meal. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:4083-6.

38. Verbiscar AJ, Banigan TF, Weber CW, Reid BL, Trei JE, Nelson EA, Raffauf RF, Kosersky D. Detoxifi cation of jojoba meal. J Agric Food Chem 1980;28:571-8.

39. Bellirou A, Bouali A, Bouammali B, Boukhatem N, Elmtili B, Hamal A, El-Mourabit M. Extraction of simmondsin and oil in one from jojoba seeds. J Ind Crops Prod 2005;21:229-33.

40. Bouali A, Bellirou A, Boukhatem N, Hamal A, Bouammali B. Enzymatic detoxifi cation of jojoba meal and effect of the resulting meal on food intake in rats. Nat Prod Res 2008;22:638-47.

41. Erhan SM, Abbott TP, Nabetani H, Purcell H. Simmondsin concentrate from defatted jojoba meal. Ind Crops Prod 1997;6:147-54.

42. Vermaut S. Jojoba meal as an additive in poultry feed: effect on feed intake, growth and reproduction. Doctoral thesis no. 359. K.U. Leuven: Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences; 1998.

43. Gayol FM, Diana LO, Juan OC, Nelson RG, Carlos GA. Quality and Chemical composition of residual cakes obtained by pressing jojoba seeds produced in La Rioja, Argentina. J Argent Chem Soc 2007;95:39-47.

44. Tessari EN, Oliveira CA, Cardoso AL, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE. Effects of afl atoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on body weight, antibody titres and histology of broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 2006;47:357-64.

45. Haschek WM, Motelin G, Ness DK, Harlin KS, Hall WF, Vesonder RF, Peterson RE, Beasley VR. Characterization of fumonisin toxicity in orally and intervenously dosed swine. Mycopathologia 1992;117:83-96.

46. Ross PF, Ledet AE, Owens DL, Rice LG, Nelson HA, Osweiler GD, Wilson TM. Experimental equine leukoencephalomalacia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by corn naturally contaminated with fumonisins. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993;5:69-74.

47. Brown TP, Rottinghaus GE, Williams ME. Fumonisin mycotoxicosis in broilers: performance and pathology. Avian Dis 1992;36:450-4.

48. Weibling TS, Ledoux DR, Brown TP, Rottinghaus GE. Fumonisin toxicity in Turkey poults. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993;5:75-83.

49. Tardieu D, Bailly J, Skiba F, Grosjean F, Guerre P. Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 in Turkey poults and tissue persistence after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46:3213-8.

50. Stockmann-Juvala H, Mikkola J, Naarala J, Loikkanen J, Elovaara E, Savolainen K. Oxidative stress induced by fumonisin B1 in continuous human and rodent neural cell cultures. Free Radic Res 2004;38:933-42.

51. Choi KC, Chung WT, Kwon JK, Jang YS, Yu JY, Park SM, Lee JC. Chemoprevention of a flavonoid fraction from Rhus verniciflua stokes on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic damage in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2011;31:150-6.

52. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan NS, El-Kady AA, Mohamed YA, El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Sharaf HA, Mannaa FA. Red ginseng protects against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin-induced hepatic pre-cancerous lesions in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:733-42.

53. Suganuma M, Sueoka E, Sueoko N, Okabe S, Fujiki H. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea polyphenols based on inhibition of TNF-alpha expression. Biofactors 2000;13:67-72.

54. Karabela SP, Kairi CA, Magkouta S, Psallidas I, Moschos C, Stathopoulos I, Zakynthinos SG, Roussos C, Kalomenidis I, Stathopoulos GT. Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor bioactivity ameliorates urethane-induced pulmonary oncogenesis in mice. Neoplasia 2011;13:1143-51.

55. Norred WP, Voss KA. Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal and human esophagal cancer. J Food Prot 1994;57:522-7.

56. da Rocha ME, Freire FD, Maia FE, Guedes MI, Rondina D. Mycotoxins and their effects on human and animal health. Food Control 2014;36:159-65.

57. Xing F, Li Z, Sun A, Xing D. Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and salicylic acid accumulation in fumonisin B1-induced cell death. FEBS Lett 2013;587:2164-72.

58. Hassan AM, Mohamed SR, El-Nekeety AA, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Aquilegia vulgaris L extract counteracts oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of fumonisin in rats. Toxicon 2010;56:8-18.

59. Schinella GR, Tournier HA, Prieto JM, Mordujovich de Buschiazzo P, Rios JL. Antioxidant activity of anti-infl ammatory plant extracts. Life Sci 2002;70:1023-33.

60. Pinelli E, Poux N, Garren L, Pipy B, Castegnaro M, Miller DJ, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by fumonisin B1 stimulates cPLA(2) phosphorylation, the arachidonic acid cascade and cAMP production. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:1683-8.

61. Voss KA, Bacon CW, Meredith FI, Norred WP. Comparative subchronic toxicity studies of Nixtamalized and water-extracted Fusarium moniliforme culture material. Food Chem Toxicol 1996;34:623-32.

62. Wang E, Ross PF, Wilson TM, Riley RT, Merrill AH Jr. Alteration of serum sphingolipids upon dietary exposure of ponies to fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. J Nutr 1992;122:1706-16.

63. Riley RT, An NH, Showker JL, Yoo HS, Norred WP, Chamberlain WJ, Wang E, Merrill AH Jr, Motelin G, Beasley VR, Haschek WM. Alteration of tissue and serum sphingonine to sphingosin ratio: an early biomarker of exposure to fumonisin-containing feeds in pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993;118:105-12.

64. Weibking TS, Ledoux DR, Bermudez AJ, Turk JR, Rottinghaus GE, Wang E, Merrill AH Jr. Effects of feeding Fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin B1, on the young broiler chick. Poult Sci 1993;72:456-66.

65. Ogawa K, Watanabe T, Ikeda Y, Kondo S. A new glycoside, 1D-2-O-a-D-galactopyranosyl-chiro-inositol from jojoba beans. Carbohydr Res 1997;302:219-21.

66. Holser RA, Abbott TP. Extraction of simmondsins from defatted jojoba meal using aqueous ethanol. Ind Crops Prod 1999;10:41-6.

67. Abu El-Makarem A. Nutritional studies on fish performance under intensive production conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Animal Production Dep., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Egypt; 2004.

68. Labib EM, Zaki MA, Mabrouk HA. Nutritional studies on partial and total replacement of fi shmeal by jojoba Meal (Simmondsia chinensis) in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings Diets. APCBEE Procedia 2012;4:196-203.

69. Cokelaere M, Cauwelier B, Cokelaere K, Flo G, Houache N, Lievens S, Van Boven M, Decuypere E. Hematological and pathological effects of 0.25% purified simmondsin in growing rats. Ind Crops Prod 2000;12:165-71.

70. Kampf A, Gringberg S, Galuun A. Oxidative stability of jojoba wax. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1986;63:246-8.

71. Van Boven M, Busson R, Cokelaere M, Flo G, Decuypere E. 4-Demethyl simmondsin from Simmondsia chinensis. Ind Crops Prod 2000;12:203-8.

72. Obata T. Phytic acid suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced hydroxyl radical generation in rat striatum. Brain Res 2003;978:241-4.

73. Khattab R, Goldberg E, Lin L, Thiyam U. Quantitative analysis and free-radical-scavenging activity of chlorophyll, phytic acid, and condensed tannins in canola. Food Chem 2010;122:1266-72.

74. Norazalina S, Norhaizan ME, Hairuszah I, Nor MS. Anticarcinogenic efficacy of phytic acid extracted from rice bran on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogensis in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2010;62:259-68.

75. Pacheco GD, Silva CA, Pinton P, Oswald IP, Bracarense AP. Phytic acid protects porcine intestinal epithelial cells from deoxynivalenol (DON) cytotoxicity. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2012;64:345-7.

76. Mehta BK, Pandit V, Gupta M. New principles from seeds of Nigella sativa. Nat Prod Res 2009;23:138-48.

77. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Omara EA, Abdel-Galil MM, Hassan NS, Nada SA, Saeed A, El-Sayed MM. Zizyphus spina-christi extract protects against aflatoxin B1-intitiated hepatic carcinogenicity. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2007;4:248-56.

78. Aly MA, Amer EA, Zayadneh W, El-Din AE. Growth regulators influence the fatty acid profi les of in vitro induced jojoba somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2008;93:107-14.

79. Vermauti S, De Conlnck K, Flo G, Cokelaere M, Onagbesan M, Decuypere E. The effect of deoiled jojoba meal on feed intake in chickens: satiating or taste effect? J Agric Food Chem 1997;45:3158-63.

80. Oda K, Matsuda H, Murakami T, Katayama S, Ohgitani T, Yoshikawa M. Adjuvant and haemolytic activities of 47 saponins derived from medicinal and food plants. Biol Chem 2000;381:67-74.

81. De Marino S, Iorizzi M, Palagiano E, Zollo F, Roussakis C. Starfish saponins. 55. Isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of steroid oligoglycosides from an Antarctic starfi sh of the family Asteriidae. J Nat Prod 1998;61:1319-27.

82. Podolak I, Elas M, Cieszka K. In vitro antifungal and cytotoxic activity of triterpene saponosides and quinoid pigments from Lysimachia vulgaris L. Phytother Res 1998;12:S70-3.

83. Francis G, Kerem Z, Makkar HP, Becker K. The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. Br J Nutr 2002;88:587-605.

84. Skotti E, Anastasaki E, Kanellou G, Polissiou M, Tarantilis PA. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and toxicity of aqueous extracts from selected Greek medicinal and aromatic plants. Ind Crops Prod 2014;53:46-54.

85. Zheng W, Wang SY. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:5165-70.

86. Yener Z, Celik I, Ilhan F, Bal R. Effects of Urtica dioica L. seed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and liver pathology in aflatoxin-induced tissue injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:418-24.