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Figure 4. Key barriers and developmental pathways for the clinical translation of adipose-derived therapeutics. The clinical translation of adipose-derived therapeutics is mainly constrained by heterogeneity, incomplete mechanistic understanding, insufficient standardization, limited delivery efficiency, weak clinical evidence, and unclear regulatory pathways. To address these issues, progress is needed in stratified characterization, multi-omics-based mechanistic studies, standardized manufacturing and quality control systems, biomaterial-assisted delivery, multicenter clinical studies, and translational/regulatory framework development, ultimately enabling the standardized clinical application of adipose-derived therapeutics. Created in BioRender. Lu, R. (2026) https://BioRender.com/oer6jwb. ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; SVF: stromal vascular fraction; dECM: decellularized extracellular matrix; SOP: standard operating procedure; GMP: good manufacturing practice.