fig2

Figure 2. The BMU of bone. The BMU represents the coordinated activity of bone-lining cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes on a mineralized collagen matrix, maintaining bone homeostasis through balanced bone formation and resorption. In contrast, bone regeneration involves the activation of immune cells, signaling molecules, and growth factors at the fracture site. This process is marked by vascular infiltration and increased new bone formation to restore structural integrity and function. Created in BioRender. (Vignolo S, 2025; https://BioRender.com/xc0bwkb). BMU: Basic multicellular unit.