fig5

Figure 5. β-FNA differentially affects chemokine/cytokine expression in C20 human microglial cells. Cells were serum deprived for 24 h and then exposed to β-FNA (3-30 µmol/L) alone or in combination with IL-1β (20 ng/mL) for 24 h. Chemokine/cytokine levels in the medium were measured by ELISA; and viability was determined using the MTT assay. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8-12) and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and subsequent Fisher’s LSD. *P < 0.05 vs. unstimulated, 0 µmol/L β-FNA; **P < 0.005 vs. IL-1β, 0 µmol/L β-FNA. ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay; LSD: least significant difference; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; β-FNA: beta-funaltrexamine; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; SEM: standard error of the mean