fig11

Figure 11. Effects of AM404 alone or in combination with the TRPV1 antagonist BCTC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide release. BV-2 cells were treated for 15 min with various concentrations of BCTC (0.02, 0.5, 2 mmol/L), then incubated with different concentrations (2, 20, 50 mmol/L) of AM404 for a further 15 min period, before being stimulated with LPS. After 24 h, nitrite concentrations in the BV-2 cell-free supernatants were measured using the Griess assay. Data from five independent experiments are normalized against nitrite concentration in samples stimulated in the absence of inhibitors. Nitrite concentration in these samples was 16.5 ± 2.7 mmol/L. The effect of treatments was assessed by the two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. No significant differences were observed for stimulated cells incubated in the absence of BCTC (ANOVA F = 0.096, P = 0.96). ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01, significantly different from stimulated cells incubated in the absence of AM404 (ANOVA F = 16.45, P < 0.0001). ANOVA interaction F = 0.047, P = 0.99. BCTC: 4-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide