REFERENCES

1. Hafler DA. Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2004;113:788-94.

2. Tekin M, Acar GO, Cam OH, Hanege FM. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a multiple sclerosis case. North Clin Istanb 2014;1:109-13.

3. Houtchens MK, Lublin FD, Miller AE, Khoury SJ. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelination disease of the central nervous system. In: Daroff R, Fenichel G, Jankovic J, Mazziotta J, editors. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. Vol 2. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2012. pp. 1291-2.

4. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M, Fujihara K, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Montalban X, O'Connor P, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ, Waubant E, Weinshenker B, Wolinsky JS. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol 2011;69:292-302.

5. Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Moreau T, Adeleine P. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1430-8.

6. Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: genes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Neuron 2006;52:61-76.

7. Bohlega S, Inshasi J, Al Tahan AR, Madani AB, Qahtani H, Rieckmann P. Multiple sclerosis in the Arabian Gulf countries: a consensus statement. J Neurol 2013;260:2959-63.

8. Yaqub BA, Daif AK. Multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia. Neurology 1988;38:621-3.

9. Jumah MAA. Genetics of MS in Saudi Arabia. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2014;3:743-4.

10. Siegert RJ, Abernethy DA. Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:469-75.

11. Gold SM, Kern KC, O'Connor MF, Montag MJ, Kim A, Yoo YS, Giesser BS, Sicotte NL. Smaller cornu ammonis 2-3/dentate gyrus volumes and elevated cortisol in multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 2010;68:553-9.

12. Lobentanz IS, Asenbaum S, Vass K, Sauter C, Klösch G, Kollegger H, Kristoferitsch W, Zeitlhofer J. Factors influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality. Acta Neurol Scand 2004;110:6-13.

13. Fruehwald S, Loeffler-Stastka H, Eher R, Saletu B, Baumhackl U. Depression and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2001;104:257-61.

14. The Saudi Arabian National Multiple Sclerosis Registry (NMSR): Initial Results Saudi MS Registry Study Group. Al-Jumah M, Bunyan R, Al Otaibi H, Cupler E, Ishak S, Shami S, Karim A, Kalakatawi M, Al Towaijri G, Al Mejally M, Al Gahtani H, Alrajeh S, Almubarak A, Alawi S, Qureshi S, Almalki A, Alhazzani A, Noor AM, Althubaiti I, Alzahrani N, Alsaeedi J. Available from: https://submissions.mirasmart.com/Verify/AAN2018/submission/temp/radC1DF7.pdf [Last accessed on 2 Mar 2018].

15. Learmonth YC, Mot RW, Sandroff BM, Pula JH, Cadavid D. Validation of patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale scores in persons with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2013;13:37.

16. Kurtzke JF. Neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis and the disability status scale. Acta Neurol Scand 1970;46:493-512.

17. Gulick EE, Namey M, Halper J. Monitoring my multiple sclerosis: a patient- administered health-assessment scale. Int J MS Care 2011;13:137-45.

18. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606-13.

19. Kister I, Chamot E, Salter AR, Cutter GR, Bacon TE, Herbert J. Disability in multiple sclerosis: a reference for patients and clinicians. Neurology 2013;80:1018-24.

20. Kingwell E, Marriott JJ, Jetté N, Pringsheim T, Makhani N, Morrow SA, Fisk JD, Evans C, Béland SG, Kulaga S, Dykeman J, Wolfson C, Koch MW, Marrie RA. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2013;13:128.

21. Van de Velde S, Bracke P, Levecque K. Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression. Soc Sci Med 2010;71:305-13.

22. Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Berglund P, Bijl RV, De Graaf R, Vollebergh W, Dragomirecka E, Kohn R, Keller M, Kessler RC, Kawakami N, Kiliç C, Offord D, Ustun TB, Wittchen HU. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2003;12:3-21.

23. Kessler RC, Bromet EJ. The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annu Rev Public Health 2013;34:119-38.

24. Noh JW, Kwon YD, Park J, Oh IH, Kim J. Relationship between physical disability and depression by gender: a panel regression model. PLoS One 2016;11:e0166238.

25. Hughes R, Swedlund N, Petersen N, Nosek M. Depression and women with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2001;7:16-24.

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation
ISSN 2349-6142 (Online) 2347-8659 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/